Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

2147-284X 2147-284X

MUSA YILMAZ

10.17694/bajece.1715185

Computer Software Electrical Engineering (Other)

Bilgisayar Yazılımı Elektrik Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Retina Hastalıklarının Gerçek Zamanlı Tespiti için Yapay Zeka Destekli Yeni Bir Hesaplama Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi

Development of a New Computational System Supported by Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Real-Time Retinal Diseases

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4366-4722

Memiş

Hasan

Batman Üniversitesi

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-9830

Acar

Emrullah

Batman Üniversitesi

09 30 2025

13 3 346 354 06 05 2025 07 19 2025

2013

Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Dünya çapında görme bozukluğu ve körlüğün önemli bir nedeni olan retina hastalıkları, geri dönüşü olmayan görme kaybını önlemek için genellikle erken ve doğru tanı gerektirir. Optik Koherens Tomografi (OCT), retina katmanlarının ayrıntılı olarak görüntülenmesini sağlayan gelişmiş bir görüntüleme tekniğidir ve koroidal neovaskülarizasyon (CNV), diyabetik maküler ödem (DMÖ) ve drusen gibi retina bozukluklarının teşhisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, OCT görüntüleri kullanılarak retina hastalıklarının gerçek zamanlı tespiti için yeni bir yapay zeka (AI) destekli bilgisayar destekli tanı sistemi geliştirilmiştir. GoogleNet, ResNet, EfficientNet ve DenseNet dahil olmak üzere derin öğrenme modelleri uygulanmış ve karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. DenseNet-201, %94,42 doğruluk ve 1,00 AUC ile üstün performans göstererek bu çalışma için birincil model olmuştur. Sistem görüntü doğrulama, veri fazlalığını önlemek için hashing ve klinik kullanım için kullanıcı dostu bir arayüzü entegre etmektedir. Önerilen yaklaşım sadece tanısal doğruluğu artırmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda klinisyenler üzerindeki zaman yükünü de azaltmaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, modelin farklı klinik veri kümeleriyle genelleştirilmesini geliştirmeye ve sistemi mevcut sağlık altyapılarına entegre etmeye odaklanacaktır.

Retinal diseases such as choroidal neovascularization (CNV), diabetic macular edema (DME), and drusen are among the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, requiring early and accurate diagnosis to prevent irreversible damage. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution imaging of retinal structures, making it a valuable tool in ophthalmological diagnosis. This study presents a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-supported computer-aided diagnostic system for the real-time classification of retinal diseases using OCT images. The proposed system integrates a DenseNet-201 deep learning model with a hash-based data integrity mechanism and a user-friendly interface for clinical deployment. The DenseNet-201 model achieved superior performance with an accuracy of 94.42%, an F1- score of 0.9442, and an AUC of 1.00, outperforming other widely used models such as GoogleNet, ResNet50, and EfficientNetB0. Unlike existing systems, our approach includes automatic image validation, eliminates data redundancy through hashing, and is optimized for practical use via the Gradio interface. These features address major limitations in prior studies, such as a lack of real-time capability, data inconsistency, and insufficient clinical integration. The system not only improves diagnostic accuracy but also reduces clinician workload, ensuring faster and more reliable decision-making in the detection of retinal diseases. This work demonstrates the feasibility of deploying AI-powered diagnostic tools in real-world ophthalmic settings and lays the groundwork for future development of integrated, scalable healthcare solutions.

Retinal Diseases Optical Coherence Tomography Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning DenseNet Decision Support System

Retina Hastalıkları Optik Koherens Tomografi Yapay Zeka Derin Öğrenme DenseNet Karar Destek Sistemi.

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