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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2147-284X</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-284X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>MUSA YILMAZ</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17694/bajece.1733035</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Electrical Engineering (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Elektrik Mühendisliği (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Design and Optimization of Oxide Material-Based Single-Mode Rib Waveguides for Photonic Integrated Circuits</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Fotonik Entegre Devreler İçin Oksit Tabanlı Tek Modlu Rib Dalga Kılavuzlarının Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-1177</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gencal</surname>
                                    <given-names>Huriye</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BURSA ULUDAG UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6832-4341</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Demirtaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BURSA ULUDAG UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5396-4610</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aydemir</surname>
                                    <given-names>Umut</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BURSA ULUDAG UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250930">
                    <day>09</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>13</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>279</fpage>
                                        <lpage>285</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250702">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250818">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>18</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>The primary objective of this study is to design single-mode rib waveguide structures using oxide-based materials. To achieve this goal, the waveguide dimensions including width and height were optimized to ensure reliable single-mode operation. Optimization was performed using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The effective refractive index (n_eff), a critical parameter for waveguide design, was calculated and evaluated to confirm suitability for single-mode propagation. Additionally, the influence of various oxide materials commonly used in passive photonic components, including integrated optical waveguides, was comparatively analyzed.Simulation results provided a comparison of effective refractive indices for rib waveguides fabricated from different oxide materials. Optimal geometric parameters ensuring minimal propagation losses and maximum mode purity were identified through these simulations. Overall, this work offers a comprehensive optimization strategy for oxide-based rib waveguides, contributing valuable insights toward enhancing the performance of integrated photonic devices.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, oksit tabanlı malzemeler kullanarak tek modlu rib dalga kılavuzu yapıları tasarlamaktır. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için, dalga kılavuzunun genişlik ve yükseklik gibi boyutları, güvenilir bir tek modlu çalışma sağlamak amacıyla optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon işlemi, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO) algoritması kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dalga kılavuzu tasarımı için kritik bir parametre olan efektif kırılma indisi (n_eff) hesaplanmış ve tek modlu yayılım koşullarına uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir.Ayrıca, entegre optik dalga kılavuzları gibi pasif fotonik bileşenlerde yaygın olarak kullanılan çeşitli oksit malzemelerin etkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçları, farklı oksit malzemelerle oluşturulan rib dalga kılavuzlarının efektif kırılma indislerini karşılaştırmalı biçimde sunmuştur. Yayılım kayıplarını en aza indiren ve mod saflığını maksimize eden optimal geometrik parametreler, bu simülasyonlar aracılığıyla belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, bu çalışma, oksit tabanlı rib dalga kılavuzları için kapsamlı bir optimizasyon stratejisi sunmakta ve entegre fotonik aygıtların performansını artırmaya yönelik değerli katkılar sağlamaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Rib waveguide</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  oxide-based materials</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  single mode</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  integrated photonics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  effective refractive index</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Rib dalga kılavuzu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  oksit tabanlı malzemeler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  entegre fotonik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Efektif kırılma indisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  tek mod</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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