Design and Optimization of Directive Circular Patch Antenna with Asymmetric Pixels Using Genetic Algorithm

Öz

In this study, a low-profile, high directive circular microstrip antenna was designed for 5.8 GHz ISM band applications. In the design, the GA / MoM approach based on the Method of Moments (MoM) integrated with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method was used. The simulations of the best first and second antennas obtained as a result of the optimization process were made using the ANSYS HFSS software program. According to the simulation results, it was determined that the return loss of both antennas was below 10 dB in the ISM band where the antenna was operating and had maximum directivity. It was observed that the radiation characteristics of both antennas obtained with the GA / MoM approach were steady-state in the operating band. It was concluded that asymmetric pixelation used in this method can be used in the design of antennas with different geometries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genetic Algorithm
• Method of Moments
• Microstrip Patch Antenna
• Optimization

Kaynakça

1. J. M. Johnson and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Genetic algorithms and method of moments (GA/MOM) for the design of integrated antennas," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1606-1614, Oct. 1999, doi: 10.1109/8.805906.
2. N. Jin and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Parallel particle swarm optimization and finite- difference time-domain (PSO/FDTD) algorithm for multiband and wide-band patch antenna designs," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 3459-3468, Nov. 2005, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2005.858842
3. K. Kunz and R. Luebbers, The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics. CRC Press, 1993.J.G. Van Bladel, Electromagnetic Fields, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, p.1176.
4. J. L. Volakis, A. Chatterjee, and L. C. Kempel, Finite Element Method for Electromagnetics. IEEE Press, 1998.
5. C. A. Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. John Wiley and Sons, 1989.
6. N. Jin and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Advances in Particle Swarm Optimization for Antenna Designs: Real-Number, Binary, Single-Objective and Multiobjective Implementations," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 556-567, March 2007, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2007.891552.
7. O. Quevedo-Teruel and E. Rajo-Iglesias, "Ant Colony Optimization in Thinned Array Synthesis With Minimum Sidelobe Level," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 5, pp. 349-352, 2006, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2006.880693.
8. W. Wang, S. Gong, X. Wang, Y. Guan and W. Jiang, "Differential Evolution Algorithm and Method of Moments for the Design of Low-RCS Antenna," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 9, pp. 295-298, 2010, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2047837.

9. Haupt, R. L. & Werner, D. H. Genetic Algorithms in Electromagnetics (Wiley, Boca Raton, 2007).
10. Bilotti, F., Castellana, F. and Vegni, L. (2002), Multi‐frequency patch antenna design via the method of moment and genetic algorithm. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 35: 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.10551
11. J. Leonardo Araque Quijano and G. Vecchi, "Optimization of an Innovative Type of Compact Frequency-Reconfigurable Antenna," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 9-18, Jan. 2009, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2008.2009649.
12. Rengarajan, S.R. (2013), Genetic algorithm optimization of a planar slot array using full wave method‐of‐moments analysis. Int J RF and Microwave Comp Aid Eng, 23: 430-436. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.20730
13. S. Song and R. D. Murch, "An Efficient Approach for Optimizing Frequency Reconfigurable Pixel Antennas Using Genetic Algorithms," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 609-620, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2293509.
14. [14] Khuntia, B., Pattnaik, S.S., Panda, D.C., Neog, D.K., Devi, S. and Dutta, M. (2005), Genetic algorithm with artificial neural networks as its fitness function to design rectangular microstrip antenna on thick substrate. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 44: 144-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.20570
15. A. H. Hussein, H. H. Abdullah, A. M. Salem, S. Khamis and M. Nasr, "Optimum Design of Linear Antenna Arrays Using a Hybrid MoM/GA Algorithm," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1232-1235, 2011, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2174189.
16. S. Chakravarty, R. Mittra and N. R. Williams, "Application of a microgenetic algorithm (MGA) to the design of broadband microwave absorbers using multiple frequency selective surface screens buried in dielectrics," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 284-296, March 2002, doi: 10.1109/8.999618
17. L. Alatan, M. I. Aksun, K. Leblebicioglu and M. T. Birand, "Use of computationally efficient method of moments in the optimization of printed antennas," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 725-732, April 1999, doi: 10.1109/8.768813.
18. Zucchi, M., Giordanengo, G., Righero, M. et al. First demonstration of machine-designed ultra-flat, low-cost directive antenna. Sci Rep 10, 10506 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67354-2
19. B. Karaosmanoğlu, S. Güler, H. İbili and Ö. Ergül, "Inkjet-printed pixel antennas with hexagonal cells," 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Paris, 2017, pp. 2013-2016, doi: 10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928488.
20. "IEEE Standard for Definitions of Terms for Antennas," in IEEE Std 145-2013 (Revision of IEEE Std 145-1993) , vol., no., pp.1-50, 6 March 2014, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2014.6758443.
21. S. Rao, D. Wilton and A. Glisson, "Electromagnetic scattering by surfaces of arbitrary shape," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 409-418, May 1982, doi: 10.1109/TAP.1982.1142818.
22. D. Schaubert, D. Wilton and A. Glisson, "A tetrahedral modeling method for electromagnetic scattering by arbitrarily shaped inhomogeneous dielectric bodies," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 77-85, January 1984, doi: 10.1109/TAP.1984.1143193.
23. A. F. Peterson, D. R. Wilton and R. E. Jorgenson, "Variational nature of Galerkin and non-Galerkin moment method solutions," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 500-503, April 1996, doi: 10.1109/8.489301.
24. Gibson, W. C. The Method of Moments in Electromagnetics (Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 2008).
25. https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html
26. https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-hfss
27. Pozar, D.M. (2011) Microwave Engineering. 4th Edition. Wiley, New York.