eNOS Expression in the Cerebellum of Dogs Naturally Infected with Canine Distemper Virus and Realationship with Apoptosis

Yıl 2024, , 390 - 396, 28.08.2024

Mehmet Önder Karayiğit

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1461199

Öz

Objective: In this study, the role of eNOS expression in the neuropathology of canine distemper disease was investigated. Materials and Methods: In the study, cerebellar tissues of 20 dogs brought for necropsy and diagnosed with distemper by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were used. Cerebellum tissues from 7 dogs that died of other diseases in which the central nervous system was not affected were used as controls. All tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for 48 h then washed thoroughly in tap water overnight. After dehydration in graded alcohols, cleared in xylene and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin blocks of cerebellum were cut at 5 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. Results: Expression of eNOS and cells undergoing apoptosis in infected tissues were increased compared to control tissues. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: As a result, increased eNOS expression may be one of the factors that trigger apoptosis in neuropathology of canine distemper disease. However, further studies are needed for other effects that contribute to the neuropathology of the disease

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apoptosis, Distemper, Dog, eNOS.

Kaynakça

• Albina, J. E, Cui, S., Mateo, R. B., & Reichner, J. S. (1993). Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis in murine peritoneal macrophages. Journal of Immunolog, 150: 5080–5085.
• Annunziato, L, Amoroso, S., Pannaccione, A., Cataldi, M., Pignataro, G., D’Alessio, A., Sirabella, R., Secondo, A., Sibaud, L, & Direnzo, G.F. (2003). Apoptosis induced in neuronal cells by oxidative stress: role played by caspases and intracellular calcium ions. Toxicology Letters, 139:125–133. https//doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00427-7.
• Bhat, A. H., Dar, K. B., Anees, S., Zargar, M. A., Masood, A., Sofi, M.A., & Ganie, S.A. (2015). Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfu.nction and neurodegenerative diseases; a mechanistic insight. Biomedicine and Pharmacotheraphy. 74:101–110. https//doi.org/10.1016/j. biopha.2015.07.025.
• Boje, K. M., & Aroa, P. K. (1992). Microglial-produced nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen oxides mediate neuronal cell death. Brain Research, 587 (2), 250–256. https//doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(92)91004-x.
• Bonfoco, E., Krainc, D., Ankarcrona, M., Nicotera, P., & Lipton, S. A. (1995). Apoptosis and necrosis: two distinct events induced respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl- D-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92:7162–7166. https//doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.16.7162.
• Brookes, P. S., Salinas, E. P., Darley-Usmar, K., Eiserich, J. P., Freeman, B. A., Darley-Usmar, V. M., & Anderson, P. G. (2000). Concentration-dependent effects of nitric oxide on mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome crelease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 7:20474–20479. https//doi.org/10.1074/jbc. M001077200.
• Broos, K., Feys, H. B., De Meyer, S. F., Vanhoorelbeke, K., & Deckmyn, H. (2011). Platelets at work in primary hemostasis. Blood Reviews, 25, 155–167. https//doi.org/ 10.1016/j.blre.2011.03.002.
• Calabrese, V., Mancuso, C., Calvani, M., Rizzarelli, E., Butterfield, D.A., & Stella, A.M. (2007). Nitric oxide in the central nervous system: neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity. Nature Reviews Neurosciences, 8, 766– https//doi.org/10.1038/nrn2214.
• Chandra, J., Samali, A., & Orrenius, S. (2000). Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 29:323–333. https//doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00302-6.
• Cinelli, M. A., Do, H. T., Miley, G. P., & Silverman, R. B. (2020). Inducible nitric oxide synthase: regulation, structure, and inhibition. Medicinal Research Reviews, 40 (1), 158–189. https//doi.org/10.1002/med.21599.
• Cole, C., Thomas, S., Filak, H., Henson, P. M., & Lenz, L. L. (2012). Nitric oxide increases susceptibility of Toll-like receptor-activated macrophages to spreading Listeria monocytogenes. Immunity. 36:807–820. https//doi.org/10.1016/j. immuni.2012.03.011.
• Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., London, E. D., Bredt, D. S., & Snyder, S. H. (1991). Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cultured cortical neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 88 (14), 6368–6371. https//doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.14.6368.
• Endres, M., Laufs, U., Liao, J. K., & Moskowitz, M. A. (2004). Targeting eNOS for stroke protection. Trend in Neurosciences, 27: 283–289. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.03.009. Fridovich, I. (1983). Superoxide dismutases: regularities and irregularities. The Harvey Lectures, 79, 51-75.
• Graber, H. U., Muller, C. F., Vandevelde, M, & Zurbriggen, A. (1995). Restricted infection of canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured oligodendrocytes. Acta Neuropathologica, 90, 312–318. https//doi.org/10.1007/BF00296516.
• Dincel, G., Ç., Kul, O. (2015). eNOS and iNOS trigger apoptosis in the brains of sheep and goats naturally infected with the border disease virüs. Histology and Histopathology. 30(10):1233-42. https//doi.org/10.14670/HH-11-621.
• Heiss, C., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., & Kelm, M. (2015). Central role of eNOS in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. 22 (14), 1230–1242. https//doi.org/10.1089/ars.2014.6158.
• Hibbs, J. B., Jr., Taintor, R. R., Vavrin, Z., & Rachlin, E. M. (1988) Nitric oxide: a cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 157,87-94. https//doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80015-9.
• Karayiğit, M. Ö. (2018). Nitric oxide synthase expression in naturally ınfected sheep brain with Listeria monocytogenes and relationship with cell death. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 46 (1617):1–7. https//doi.org/10.22456/1679–9216.88907.
• Kim, Y. M., Bombeck, C. A., Billiar. T. R. (1999). Nitric Oxide as a Bifunctional Regulator of Apoptosis. Circilation Research, 84:253-256. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.84.3.253.
• Kubes, I. (1993). Ischemia-reperfusion in feline small intestine: a role for nitric oxide. American Physiological Society Journal. 264(1), G143-9. https//doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.1.G143.
• Moncada, S., Palmer, R. M. J., & Higgs, E. A. (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology Pharmacological. Reviewes. 43,109-142.
• Moro, L., Martins, A. S., Alves, C. M., Santos, F. G. A., Del Puerto, H. L., & Vasconcelos, A. C. (2003). Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Dogs with Distemper. Journal of Veterinar Medicine, 50, 221–225. https//doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00657.x.
• Nathan,. C., (1992). Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells. FASEB Journal, 6(12):3051-64. Nicotera, P., Bonfoco, E., & Brüne, B. (1995). Mechanisms for nitric oxide-induced cell death: involvement of apoptosis. Advances in Neuroimmunology. 5:411–420. https//doi.org/10.1016/0960-5428(95)00025-9.
• Norrby, E., Kövamees, J., Blixenkrone-Möller, M., Sharma, B., & Orvell, C. (1992). Humanized animal viruses with special reference to the primate adaptation of morbillivirus. Veterinary Microbiology, 33, 275–286. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90055-x.
• Siegfried, M. R., Carey, C., Ma, X. L., & Lefer, A. M. (1992). Beneficial effects of SPM-5185, a cysteine-containing NO donor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion American Physiological Society Journal. Sep;263(3 Pt 2):H771-7. https//doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.3.H771.
• Srivastava, K., Bath, & P. M., Bayraktutan, U. (2012). Current therapeutic strategies to mitigate the eNOS dysfunction in ischaemic stroke. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 32, 319–336. https//doi.org/10.1007/s10571-011-9777-z.
• Stuehr, D. J., & Griffith, O. W. (1992). Mammalian nitric oxide synthases. Advances in enzymology and related areas of molecular biology. 65, 287–346. https//doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304.
• Thomas, D. D., Ridnour, L. A., Isenberg, J. S., Flores-Santana, W., Switzer, C. H., Donzelli, S., & Ambs, S. (2008). The chemical biology of nitric oxide: implications in cellular signaling. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 45 (1), 18–31. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.020.
• Tipold, A., Jaggy, A., Zurbriggen, A., & Vandevelde, M. (1996). Neurological signs in canine distemper encephalomyelitis – a clinical study. European Journal of Companion Animal Practice. 6, 33–38.
• Toda, N., Ayajiki, K., & Okamura, T. (2009). Cerebral blood flow regulation by nitric oxide: recent advances. Pharmacological Reviews. 61, 62–97. https//doi.org/10.1124/pr.108.000547.
• Vandevelde, M., & Zurbriggen, A. (2005). Demyelination in canine distemper virus infection: a review. Acta Neuropathologica, 109: 56–68. https//doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0958-4.
• Yao, S. K., Ober, J. C., Krishnaswami, A, Ferguson, J. J., Anderson, H. V., Golino, P., Buja, L. M., & Willerson, J. T. (1992). Endogenous nitric oxide protects against platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured arteries. Circulation 86, 1302-1309. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.86.4.1302.
• Zhou, L., & Zhu, D. Y. (2009). Neuronal nitric oxide synthase: structure, subcellular localization, regulation, and clinical implications. Nitric Oxide 20(4), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2009.03.001.