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Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek'in Kültürel Çeşitliliği

Yıl 2024, , 131 - 160, 25.06.2024

Arif Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1414051

Öz

Bosnia and Herzegovina, throughout its historical trajectory, has found itself situated at the crossroads of Eastern and Western cultural influences. This paper aims to delve into the comparative analysis of Eastern and Western elements in shaping the cultural diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The prolonged period of Ottoman Empire dominion left an indelible mark, immersing the country in Eastern cultural nuances. Architectural structures, traditional attire, and culinary practices, all bore the significant imprints of Islamic influence during this epoch. Concurrently, Bosnia and Herzegovina engaged in a dynamic interaction with Christianity and European cultural elements. The amalgamation of these profound cultural influences has given rise to the rich cultural tapestry evident in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Various ethnic groups coexisting within the nation, such as Bosnians, Serbs, and Croats, have maintained their distinctive cultural identities while simultaneously fostering interactions. This intricate interplay has resulted in the creation of a mosaic culture, rendering Bosnia and Herzegovina distinctly unique. In essence, the cultural diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina manifests as a testament to the harmonious interaction between Eastern and Western cultural paradigms. This intricate dynamic is intricately intertwined with the historical context and geographical positioning of the country. The cultural wealth of Bosnia and Herzegovina serves as a reflection of the enduring legacy born from this dynamic interaction. A pertinent Bosnian proverb encapsulates this sentiment: “Knowing the depth of the river after crossing the bridge.” (Most preći, pa vidjeti koliko je rijeka duboka.) This proverb alludes to the historical Mostar bridge, symbolizing unity between East and West through tolerance. This article aims to expound upon the cultural diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina through a historical and sociological interpretive lens.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balkans Bosnia and Herzegovina Cultural sociology Westernism and modernism Orientalism

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Kaynakça

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  • Alibašić, Ahmet. “Bosnia and Herzegovina”. The Oxford Handbook of European Islam, 2014, s. 429-474.
  • Andrić, Ivo. Priređivači: Vučković, Vladimir Urednici: Uljarević, Radomir; Đukić Perišić, Žaneta; Jerkov, Aleksandar i Kusturica, Emir,. Sabrana dela Ive Andrića, Knj. 1 - 20 [1. Pesme Ex ponto Nemiri 2. Pripovetke 3. Nove pripovetke 4. Pripovetke I 5. Pripovetke II 6. Lica 7. Kuća na osami 8. Na sunčanoj strani 9. Na Drini ćuprija 10. Travnička hronika 11. Gospođica 12. Prokleta avlija 13. Omerpaša Latas 14. Disertacija * Eseji I 15. Eseji II 16. Zapisi * Putopisi 17. Znakovi pored puta 18. Sveske, Dnevnici 19. Pisma 20. Razgovori]. Beograd: Štampar Makarije; Podgorica: Nova Knjiga. 2012.
  • Bajtal, Esad. “Sevdalinka”, Bosna Franciscana, No: 38, 2013, s. 91-106.
  • Bakić-Hayden, Milica. “Nesting orientalisms: The case of former Yugoslavia.” Slavic review, No: 54 (4), 1995, s. 917-931.
  • Balta, Ivan. “The Development of Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Boundaries in Bosnia and Herzegovina”. Kadim (1), 2021, s. 133-150.
  • Bašić, Nataša. “Hrvatski u srpskohrvatskom tijesku”, Jezik: Časopis za kulturu hrvatskoga književnog jezika, No: 57(2), 2010, s. 71-78.
  • Berger, Mark T. “The triumph of the East? The East-Asian Miracle and post-Cold War capitalism”. In Borer, Douglas A. (ed.). The rise of East Asia: critical visions of the Pacific century. Routledge. (1997). s. 260-276.
  • Biljanovski, Dragana Čolić. “Medıjska Arheologıja-Branıslav ð. Nušıć na Fılmu ı Televızıjı”. Istraživački medijski centar-Podgorica, 2016.
  • Buljubašić, Mirza. “A Brief Introduction in Historical Cycles of Mass Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina”. International Journal on Rule of Law, Transitional Justice and Human Rights, No: 9 (9), 2018, s. 91-109.
  • Coles, Kimberley. “Ambivalent builders: Europeanization, the production of difference, and internationals in Bosnia-Herzegovina”, The new Bosnian mosaic. Routledge, 2016, s. 255-272.
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  • Evstatiev, Simeon. “Milletic secularism in the Balkans: Christianity, Islam, and identity in Bulgaria”. Nationalities Papers. No: 47 (1), 2019, s. 87-103.
  • Fraroqhi, Suraiya and Donald Quataert. An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. 1997.
  • Filipović, Nedim. “OcaklikTimars in Bosnia and Herzegovina”. Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju, No: (36), 1987, s. 149-180.
  • Fleming, K. E. “Orientalism, the Balkans, and Balkan historiography”. The American Historical Review, 105(4), 2000, s. 1218-1233.
  • Footitt, Hilary ve Michael Kelly. Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2012.
  • Füredi, Frank. Colonial wars and the politics of Third World nationalism. I. B. Tauris, 1994.
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  • Gümüş, Musa and Rabia Yüksel. “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Parçalanma Süreci ve Basının Yaklaşımı: 1875 Hersek İsyanı Örneği”, İçtimaiyat, No: 4(1), 2020, s. 31-46.
  • Hadžizukić, Dijana. Prilozi proučavanju srpske književnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini. Fakultet humanističkih nauka, Univerzitet, Džemal Bijedić u Mostaru, 2015.
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  • Jusić, Tarik. “Bosnia and Herzegovina”, 2016, https://medialandscapes.org/ (20.12.2023).
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Yıl 2024, , 131 - 160, 25.06.2024

Arif Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1414051

Öz

Bosna-Hersek, tarihi boyunca Doğu ve Batı kültürlerinin etkisi altında kalmış bir coğrafyadır. Bu yazıda, Bosna-Hersek’in kültürel çeşitliliği üzerine Doğu-Batı karşılaştırmalarına odaklanılacaktır. Ülke, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun etkisi altında uzun yıllar kaldığı için Doğu kültürüyle yoğrulmuştur. Bu dönemde, İslam’ın etkisi, mimari, geleneksel giyim ve yemek kültürü üzerinde belirgin izler bırakmıştır. Ancak, Bosna-Hersek aynı zamanda Hristiyanlık ve Avrupa kültürüyle de etkileşimde bulunmuştur. Bosna-Hersek’in kültürel çeşitliliği, bu iki büyük kültür etkisinin birleşiminden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ülkede yaşayan Boşnaklar, Sırplar ve Hırvatlar gibi farklı etnik gruplar, kendi kültürel özelliklerini korurken, aynı zamanda birbirleriyle etkileşimde bulunmuşlardır. Bu durum, Bosna-Hersek’i benzersiz kılan bir mozaik kültürün ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Bosna-Hersek’in kültürel çeşitliliği, Doğu ve Batı kültürlerinin etkileşimiyle şekillenmiş bir zenginlik sunmaktadır. Bu durum, ülkenin tarihsel geçmişi ve coğrafi konumuyla yakından ilişkilidir ve Bosna-Hersek’in kültürel zenginlikleri, bu etkileşimden doğan bir mirası yansıtmaktadır. Şöyle bir Boşnakça atasözü vardır: “Köprüyü geçene kadar nehrin derinliğini bilemezsin.” (Most preći, pa vidjeti koliko je rijeka duboka.) Bu söz tarihi Mostar köprüsünün doğu ve batıyı hoşgörüyle birleştirmesine dair bir gönderme yapmaktadır. Bu makalede Bosna Hersek’in kültürel çeşitliliği tarihi ve sosyolojik yönden yorumlayıcı bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde ele alınıp tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balkanlar Bosna-Hersek Kültürel sosyoloji Batıcılık ve modernizm Şarkiyatçılık

Kaynakça

  • Agencija za Statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine. Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2013: Rezultati Popisa / Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013: Final Results, Sarajevo, 2016, s. 68-70.
  • Alibašić, Ahmet. “Bosnia and Herzegovina”. The Oxford Handbook of European Islam, 2014, s. 429-474.
  • Andrić, Ivo. Priređivači: Vučković, Vladimir Urednici: Uljarević, Radomir; Đukić Perišić, Žaneta; Jerkov, Aleksandar i Kusturica, Emir,. Sabrana dela Ive Andrića, Knj. 1 - 20 [1. Pesme Ex ponto Nemiri 2. Pripovetke 3. Nove pripovetke 4. Pripovetke I 5. Pripovetke II 6. Lica 7. Kuća na osami 8. Na sunčanoj strani 9. Na Drini ćuprija 10. Travnička hronika 11. Gospođica 12. Prokleta avlija 13. Omerpaša Latas 14. Disertacija * Eseji I 15. Eseji II 16. Zapisi * Putopisi 17. Znakovi pored puta 18. Sveske, Dnevnici 19. Pisma 20. Razgovori]. Beograd: Štampar Makarije; Podgorica: Nova Knjiga. 2012.
  • Bajtal, Esad. “Sevdalinka”, Bosna Franciscana, No: 38, 2013, s. 91-106.
  • Bakić-Hayden, Milica. “Nesting orientalisms: The case of former Yugoslavia.” Slavic review, No: 54 (4), 1995, s. 917-931.
  • Balta, Ivan. “The Development of Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Boundaries in Bosnia and Herzegovina”. Kadim (1), 2021, s. 133-150.
  • Bašić, Nataša. “Hrvatski u srpskohrvatskom tijesku”, Jezik: Časopis za kulturu hrvatskoga književnog jezika, No: 57(2), 2010, s. 71-78.
  • Berger, Mark T. “The triumph of the East? The East-Asian Miracle and post-Cold War capitalism”. In Borer, Douglas A. (ed.). The rise of East Asia: critical visions of the Pacific century. Routledge. (1997). s. 260-276.
  • Biljanovski, Dragana Čolić. “Medıjska Arheologıja-Branıslav ð. Nušıć na Fılmu ı Televızıjı”. Istraživački medijski centar-Podgorica, 2016.
  • Buljubašić, Mirza. “A Brief Introduction in Historical Cycles of Mass Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina”. International Journal on Rule of Law, Transitional Justice and Human Rights, No: 9 (9), 2018, s. 91-109.
  • Coles, Kimberley. “Ambivalent builders: Europeanization, the production of difference, and internationals in Bosnia-Herzegovina”, The new Bosnian mosaic. Routledge, 2016, s. 255-272.
  • Dimitrovski, Duško. “Na putu uspona-prılog za ıstorıju Bosanskohercegovačke kınematografıje.” Forum Bosnae. No. 32. Međunarodni forum Bosna, 2005, s. 1-12.
  • Erzen, Melih and Kjorovikj, Nermina. “Bosna-Hersek konulu Türk romanlarında Osmanlı imgesi.” Pesa Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, No: 8(3), 2022, s. 141-155.
  • Evstatiev, Simeon. “Milletic secularism in the Balkans: Christianity, Islam, and identity in Bulgaria”. Nationalities Papers. No: 47 (1), 2019, s. 87-103.
  • Fraroqhi, Suraiya and Donald Quataert. An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. 1997.
  • Filipović, Nedim. “OcaklikTimars in Bosnia and Herzegovina”. Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju, No: (36), 1987, s. 149-180.
  • Fleming, K. E. “Orientalism, the Balkans, and Balkan historiography”. The American Historical Review, 105(4), 2000, s. 1218-1233.
  • Footitt, Hilary ve Michael Kelly. Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2012.
  • Füredi, Frank. Colonial wars and the politics of Third World nationalism. I. B. Tauris, 1994.
  • Gökdağ, Bilgehan Atsız. “Balkanlar: etnik karmaşanın dilsel boyutları”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, No: (32), 2012, s. 1-27.
  • Gümüş, Musa and Rabia Yüksel. “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Parçalanma Süreci ve Basının Yaklaşımı: 1875 Hersek İsyanı Örneği”, İçtimaiyat, No: 4(1), 2020, s. 31-46.
  • Hadžizukić, Dijana. Prilozi proučavanju srpske književnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini. Fakultet humanističkih nauka, Univerzitet, Džemal Bijedić u Mostaru, 2015.
  • Hajdarpasic, Edin. Whose Bosnia? Nationalism and Political Imagination in the Balkans, 1840-1914. Cornell University Press. 2015.
  • Helms, Elissa. “East and west kiss: gender, orientalism, and balkanism in Muslim-majority Bosnia-Herzegovina”. Slavic review, No: 67(1), 2008, s. 88-119.
  • “Historian Maria Todorova employs unusual case study to explore the mechanisms of hero worship, nationalism and the processes and politics of historical memory”, http://clasnews.clas.ufl.edu/news/clasnotes/9911/todorova.html (22.12.2023).
  • Human Rights Watch. “Second Class Citizens: Discrimination against Roma, Jews, and Other National Minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, (April 2012), www.hrw.org/report/201,2/04/04/second-class-citizens/discrimination-against-roma-jews-and-other-national (19.12.2023).
  • Huskić, A. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thirty Years of Political Campaigning in Central and Eastern Europe, 2019.
  • Imamović, Mustafa. Historija Bošnjaka. Sarajevo: BZK Preporod, 1996.
  • IMDB. “Emir Kusturica”, 2023, https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001437/ (22.12.2023).
  • İnalcık, Halil. “Türkler ve Balkanlar”. Balkanlar Ortadoğu ve Balkan İncelemeleri, Eren Yayınları, İstanbul 1993, s. 9-32.
  • Iriye, Akira. Global community: the role of international organizations in the making of the contemporary world. University of California Press. 2002.
  • Jones, Lora. “Coffee: Who grows, drinks and pays the most?”, (13 April 2018). https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43742686 (10.12.2023).
  • Jusić, Tarik. “Bosnia and Herzegovina”, 2016, https://medialandscapes.org/ (20.12.2023).
  • Kalajdzic, Mirsad. Bosna’da Osmanlı Dönemi Selatin Camileri. Diss. Marmara Üniversitesi SBE. (Türkiye), 2006.
  • Karabal, Mohammed M. “Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Religions?”. American Journal of Islam and Society, No: 11 (1), 1994, s. 132-135.
  • Karçiç, Fikret. “Gazi Hüsrev Bey Kütüphanesi”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gazi-husrev-bey-kutuphanesi (22.12.2023).
  • Keil, Soeren and Perry Valery. “Introduction: Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 Years after Dayton”. International Peacekeeping, No: 22 (5), 2015, s. 1-8.
  • Kélékian, Diran. “بالقان balqan”. Dictionnaire Turc-Français (in French). Mihran. Chaîne de montagnes couveres de forêts. Geogr. Le mont Hæmus; le Balkan, 1911, s. 247.
  • Koller, Markus ve Kemal H. Karpat, Bosnien an der Schwelle zur Neuzeit: eine Kulturgeschichte der Gewalt. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2004.
  • Kovač, Nikola. “Slikarstvo u BiH 1945-1990. godine”, Novı Izraz, časopis za književnu i umjetničku kritiku, No: 19, 2003, s. 31-47.
  • Lampe, John R., Noel Malcolm and Paula Pickering. “Bosnia and Herzegovina”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Dec. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/place/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina. Accessed 22 December 2023.
  • Lincoln, Li. The China factor in Modern Japanese thought: the case of Tachibana Shiraki, 1881-1945. Suny Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Suny Press. 1996, s. 104-105.
  • Lory, Bernard. “The Ottoman legacy in the Balkans”. Entangled Histories of the Balkans-Volume Three. Brill, 2015, s. 355-405.
  • Maggilchrist, Felicitas. “Metaphorical politics: Is Russia western?”. Nation in Formation: Inclusion and Exclusion in Central? https://www.academia.edu/616571. (22.12.2023).
  • Madelain, Anne. “Maria Todorova, Imaginaire des Balkans”. Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest No (44), 2013, s. 168-174.
  • Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short History. Pan Books, 2002.
  • McNeill, William H. “Western Civ in World Politics: What We Mean by the West?”. https://www.fpri.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/WH-McNeil-What-We-Mean-by-the-West.pdf. 1997, s. 513-514. (22.12.2023).
  • Meštrovic, Stjepan. Balkanization of the West: The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism. Routledge, 1994.
  • Miller, William. Essays on the Latin Orient. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1921.
  • Ning, Wang. “Orientalism versus occidentalism?”, New Literary History, No: 28(1), 1997, s. 57-67.
  • Petranović, Martina. “Stoljeće sarajevske scenografije. Marijela Margeta Hašimbegović: Scenografija: prostor za snove (Narodno pozorište Sarajevo, 1921-2021), Sarajevo, 2021”. Kazalište: Časopis za kazališnu umjetnost, No: 27(93/94), 2023, s. 172-175.
  • PEW Reserach Center. “The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity”, 2012, s. 30. http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/08/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf (20.12.2023).
  • Pickering, Paula M. “Generating social capital for bridging ethnic divisions in the Balkans: Case studies of two Bosniak cities”. Ethnic and racial Studies, No: 29 (1), 2006, s. 79-103.
  • Piliaiev, Igor. “The east-west dichotomy in the globalizing perspective”, Ukrainian Policymaker, No: 9(9), 2021, s. 86-92.
  • Said, Edward W. Orientalism. Penguin Classics, London 2003.
  • Shijing, Xu. “11 Bridging the East and West dichotomy: harmonising Eastern learning with Western knowledge”. Education reform in China: Changing concepts, contexts and practices, No: 69, 2013, s. 224.
  • Šolak, Z. “The city and cities in the stories, novels, essays and letters written by the Nobel Prize winner Ivo Andric.” Актуальні проблеми слов’янської філології. Серія: Лінгвістика і літературознавство (2010).
  • Stachowski, Marek. “Current Trends in Altaic Linguistics”, European Balkan(s), Turkic bal(yk) and the Problem of Their Original Meanings. 2013, https://www.academia.edu/5693478/European%20Balkan%20s%20Turkic%20bal%20yk%20and%20the%20problem%20of%20their%20original%20meanings (22.12.2023).
  • Susko, Dzevada. “EU enlargement and the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A brief historical sketch”. Epiphany, No: 2 (1), 2009, s. 4-9.
  • Syed, M. H., S. S. Akhtar and B. D. Usmani, Concise History of Islam. Na. Vij Books India Private Limited, 2011.
  • Todorova, Maria. Balkanları Tahayyül Etmek, Çev. Dilek Şendil, İletişim Yay. İstanbul 2022.
  • Toe, Rodolfo. “Bosnia to Publish Census Without Serb Agreement”, (30 June 2016). https://balkaninsight.com/2016/06/30/bosnia-to-release-long-awaited-census-results-on-thursday-06-29-2016/ (20.12.2023).
  • Turhan, Fatma Sel. The Ottoman Empire and the Bosnian Uprising: Janissaries, Modernisation and Rebellion in the Nineteenth Century. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014, s. 1-30.
  • Velikonja, Mitja. Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia–Herzegovina. Texas A&M University Press, 2003, s. 29-30.
  • Vucinich, Wayne S. “The nature of Balkan society under Ottoman rule.” Slavic Review 21. (4), 1962, s. 597-616.
  • Wasti, Syed Tanvir. “The 1912-13 Balkan War and the Siege of Edirne”. Middle Eastern Studies. No: 40 (4), July 2004, s. 59-78.
  • Wilmer, Franke. “Identity, culture, and historicity: The social construction of ethnicity in the Balkans”. World Affs. Vol. (160), 1997, s. 3.
  • Zedong, Mao. Michael Y. M. Kau & John K. Leung (eds.). The Writings of Mao Zedong, 1949-1976: January 1956 - December 1957. Writings of Mao Zedong. Vol. 2. M. E. Sharpe, 1992.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çağdaş Balkan Tarihi
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Arif Akbaş 0000-0002-8480-4350

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Akbaş, A. (2024). Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies(12), 131-160. https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1414051
AMA Akbaş A. Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği. BALKAR. Haziran 2024;(12):131-160. doi:10.56679/balkar.1414051
Chicago Akbaş, Arif. “Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği”. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, sy. 12 (Haziran 2024): 131-60. https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1414051.
EndNote Akbaş A (01 Haziran 2024) Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies 12 131–160.
IEEE A. Akbaş, “Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği”, BALKAR, sy. 12, ss. 131–160, Haziran 2024, doi: 10.56679/balkar.1414051.
ISNAD Akbaş, Arif. “Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği”. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies 12 (Haziran 2024), 131-160. https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1414051.
JAMA Akbaş A. Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği. BALKAR. 2024;:131–160.
MLA Akbaş, Arif. “Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği”. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, sy. 12, 2024, ss. 131-60, doi:10.56679/balkar.1414051.
Vancouver Akbaş A. Doğu-Batı Karşılaştırmaları: Bosna-Hersek’in Kültürel Çeşitliliği. BALKAR. 2024(12):131-60.