Türkiye'de Ücret Eşitsizliğinin Analizi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 237 - 260, 30.12.2018

Serdar Acun

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.482918

Cited By: 2

Öz

Ücret
kavramına ilişkin tartışmalar iktisat yazınında sürekli yer bulmuştur. Ücretin
nasıl ortaya çıktığı, nasıl belirlendiği ve denge noktasının ne olduğu tartışmaların
merkezini oluşturmuştur. Ücret ayrıca elde edilen toplam gelirler içinde önemli
yer tutmakta bu durum da önemini daha da artırmaktadır. 2015 yılı gelir ve yaşam
koşulu verilerine göre Türkiye’de ücret, maaş ve yevmiye gelirleri toplam
gelirler içinde %52,5’lik orana sahiptir. Bu durum ise ücrette yaşanan eşitsizliğin
gelir eşitsizliğine etkisini artırmaktadır. 2008 kriziyle beraber artan eşitsizlik
tartışmaları Türkiye’de ücretin belirleyenleri ve ücret eşitsizliği yeniden ele
alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Özellikle emeğin niteliğinin ücret üzerine
etkisini temel alan insan sermayesi modeli ücret eşitsizliğinin analizi açısından
önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’nun
hane halkı işgücü anketi mikro veri seti kullanılmıştır. Temel insan sermayesi
modeli olan eğitim ve deneyim değişkenlerinin yanı sıra çalışılan işteki
esneklik, çalışılan sektör ile çalışanın demografik bazı özellikleri eklenerek
model genişletilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda atipik çalışma ve cinsiyet gibi faktörlerin
ücret farklılığını artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ücret, Gelir, Eşitsizlik, İnsan Sermayesi Modeli, Eğitim

Analysis of Wage Inequality in Turkey

Öz

Discussion
of the notion of wages has consistently taken place in economic literature. The
way in which wages come to exist and are defined, and what the equilibrium
point have been the center of this discussion. The share of wages raise in
total income raise. According to Turkey income and living conditions data for
2015, wages, and salaries in Turkey have 52.5% of total revenues. This
increases the effect of the inequality in wages on income inequality. Growing
discussion of inequality since then the 2008 economic crisis makes it necessary
to readdress the determinants of wages and wage inequality. In particular, the
human capital model based on the effect of labor quality on wages plays an
important role in the analysis of wage inequality. In this study, the household
labor force survey micro data set held by Turkey Statistical Institute (Turkstat)
is used. In addition to education and experience variables, the basic human capital
model is extended to include flexibility in the workplace, job sector, and some
demographic characteristics of employee. This study concludes that factors such
as atypical work and gender increase wage differential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wage, Income, Inequality, Human Capital Model, Education

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