<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="other"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Beykoz Akademi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2651-5393</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Beykoz Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14514/beykozad.1440357</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Human Resources Management</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL DISSENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A FIELD STUDY</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Örgütsel Muhalefetin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Alan Araştırması</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4923-5320</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akbulut</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nurdan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3578-4074</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Sırkıntıoğlu Yıldırım</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şükran</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20241226">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>26</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>12</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>79</fpage>
                                        <lpage>101</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20240220">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240812">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Beykoz Akademi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study aims to examine the effect of organizational dissent on organizational commitment. In addition, this study aims to reveal the differences in the working atmosphere of the business world in today&#039;s conditions and to explain the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational dissent. Considering that the flexibility of public sector employees is less than that of the private sector, the study population was determined to be public employees in Kastamonu province. In this study, firstly, a literature review was made by discussing the concepts, and the survey method was used as a data collection tool. Survey data were obtained from 408 employees using the convenience sampling method. In the light of the data collected through the survey, explanatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted, and structural equation modeling was applied. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is a relationship between organizational commitment and organizational dissent; organizational dissent affects organizational commitment, and this effect is positive. In addition, it was concluded that constructive opposition, one of the sub-dimensions of organizational opposition, positively affects organizational commitment, while questioning and displaced-horizontal opposition negatively affect organizational commitment.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı örgütsel muhalefetin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Ayrıca bu çalışmayla günümüz koşullarında iş dünyasının çalışma atmosferindeki farklılıklarını ortaya koymak ve örgütsel bağlılık ile örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak amaçlanmıştır. Kamu sektöründe çalışanların esnekliklerinin özel sektöre göre daha az olduğu düşünülerek çalışmanın evreni Kastamonu ilindeki kamu çalışanları olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle kavramlar ele alınarak bir yazın taraması yapılmış ve veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile 408 çalışandan anket verisi elde edilmiştir. Anket çalışması ile toplanan veri ışığında açıklayıcı faktör analizi ve korelasyon analizi yapılmış ayrıca yapısal eşitlik modeli uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda örgütsel bağlılık ile örgütsel muhalefet arasında ilişki olduğu, örgütsel muhalefetin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde etkili olduğu ve bu etkinin pozitif yönde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca örgütsel muhalefetin alt boyutlarından yapıcı muhalefetin örgütsel bağlılığı pozitif yönde, sorgulayıcı ve yer değiştirmiş-yatay muhalefetin ise örgütsel bağlılığı negatif yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Örgütsel Muhalefet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Örgütsel Bağlılık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Organizational Dissent</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Organizational Commintment</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Structrual Equation Modelling</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alıç, M. (1995). Örgütler. Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi.  1, (1).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Allen, N. J., &amp; Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alnıaçık, E., &amp; Erbaş, E. (2021). The effect of organizational dissent on affective commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Economics and Research, 2(1), 1-12.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life, New York: John Wiley.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çetin, M.Ö. (2004). Örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel bağlılık. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çöl, G. (2004). Örgütsel bağlılık kavramı ve benzer kavramlarla ilişkisi. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 6(2).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dale, K., &amp; Fox, M. L. (2008). Leadership style and organizational commitment: Mediating effect of role stress. Journal of Managerial issues, 109-130.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Davis, K. &amp; Newstrom, J.W. (1989). Human behavior at work, organizational behavior, Eight Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demirel, A. (2022). Mesleki tatmin düzeyinin mesleki ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisi; mali hizmetler uzmanlığı kariyer mesleği üzerine bir araştırma. T.C. Necmettin Erbakan Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Edmondson, A. C. (2018). The fearless organization: Creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. John Wiley &amp; Sons.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ergün, H., &amp; Çelik, K. (2019). Örgütsel bağlılık ölçeği Türkçe uyarlamasi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (34), 113-121.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ertekin, İ. (2017). Classical organization theory. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 2(2), 64-73.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Etzioni, A. (1969). Modern örgütler. Güzel İstanbul Matbaası, İstanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Garner, J. T. (2009). When things go wrong at work: An exploration of organizational dissent messages. Communication Studies, 60(2), 197-218.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gelens, J., Dries, N., Hofmans, J., &amp; Pepermans, R. (2013). The role of perceived organizational justice in shaping the outcomes of talent management: A research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), 341-353.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gorden, W. I., &amp; Infante, D. A. (1991). Test of a communication model of organizational commitment. Communication Quarterly, 39(2), 144-155.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güney, S. (2017) Örgütsel Davranış, İstanbul, Nobel Yayıncılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., &amp; Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hanaysha, J. (2016). Examining the effects of employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training on organizational commitment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 298-306.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Haydaroğlu, S., &amp; Besler, S. (2021). Beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel muhalefete etkisi ve lider-üye etkileşiminin düzenleyici rolü: Beyaz yakalı çalışanlar üzerinde bir araştırma. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 123-140.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hofstede, G., Neuijen, B., Ohayv, D. D., &amp; Sanders, G. (1990). Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. Administrative science quarterly, 286-316.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hu, L. T., &amp; Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological methods, 3(4), 424.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Infante, D. A., &amp; Gorden, W. I. (1987). Superior and subordinate communication profiles: Implications for independent‐mindedness and upward effectiveness. Communication Studies, 38(2), 73-80.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İşkur, (2022). https://media.iskur.gov.tr/66902/kastamonu.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities. American sociological review, 499-517.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kassing, J. W., &amp; Avtgis, T. A. (1999). Examining the relationship between organizational dissent and aggressive communication. Management Communication Quarterly, 13(1), 100-115.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kassing, J. W. (1997). Articulating, antagonizing, and displacing: A model of employee dissent. Communication Studies, 48(4), 311-332.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kassing, J. W. (1998). Development and validation of the organizational dissent scale. Management Communication Quarterly, 12(2), 183-229.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kassing, J. W. (2008). Consider this: A comparison of factors contributing to employees&#039; expressions of dissent. Communication Quarterly, 56(3), 342-355.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, Ç. (2016). Kontrol odağı ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 81-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khazanchi, S., Lewis, M. W., &amp; Boyer, K. K. (2007). Innovation-supportive culture: The impact of organizational values on process innovation. Journal of operations management, 25(4), 871-884.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Koç, H. (2009). Örgütsel bağlılık ve sadakat ilişkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(28), 200-211.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Leong, C. S., Furnham, A., &amp; Cooper, C. L. (1996). The moderating effect of organizational commitment on the occupational stress outcome relationship. Human relations, 49(10), 1345-1363.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Meyer, J. P., &amp; Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11, 299–326.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. &amp; Porter, L.W., (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, (14)224-247.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Northcraft, G.B. &amp; Neale, M.A. (1990). Organizational behavior, A management challenge, The Dryden Press: USA.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ötken, A. B. &amp; Cenkci, T. (2013). Beş faktör kişilik modeli ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma, Öneri. (39) 41-51.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özdemir, M. (2010). Ankara ili kamu liselerinde görev yapan yönetici ve öğretmenlerin örgütsel muhalefete ilişkin görüşleri. [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Ankara Üniversitesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öztürk, O. (2020). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel muhalefetin nedenlerine ilişkin görüşleri (Sakarya İli Örneği). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Sakarya Üniversitesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., &amp; Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of applied psychology, 59(5), 603.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Quinn, R. E., &amp; Spreitzer, G. M. (1997). The road to empowerment: Seven questions every leader should consider. Organizational dynamics, 26(2), 37-49.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Redding, W. C. (1985). Rocking boats, blowing whistles, and teaching speech communication. Communication Education, 34, 245-258.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rigby, D. K., Sutherland, J., &amp; Noble, A. (2018). Agile at scale. Harvard business review, 96(3), 88-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Robbins, S. P., &amp; Judge, T. A. (2018). Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Terlemez, M. (2023). Sporda beyaz yakalı çalışanların örgütsel sinizm, örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel muhalefet düzeylerinin örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi. Aurum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 197-212.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turnley, W. H., Bolino, M. C., Lester, S. W., &amp; Bloodgood, J. M. (2003). The impact of psychological contract fulfillment on the performance of in-role and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of management, 29(2), 187-206.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tutar, H., &amp; Sadykova, G. (2014). Örgütsel demokrasi ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir inceleme. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 2(1), 1-16.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sandıkçı, K. (2022). Yüksek-düşük bağlam iletişimin örgütsel muhalefet davranışı üzerindeki etkisi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shahinpoor, N., &amp; Matt B. F. (2007). The power of one: dissent and organizational life. Journal of Business Ethics, (74)37-48.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sprague, R. F. (2018). Exploring the relationship of organizational dissent and self-leadership. Gonzaga University.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Streiner, D. L. (2003). Starting at the beginning: an introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of personality assessment, 80(1), 99-103.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Swailes, S. (2002). Organizational commitment: a critique of the construct and measures. International journal of management reviews, 4(2), 155-178.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Varol, F., (2010) Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İş Tatmininin İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Olan Etkisi: Konya İli İlaç Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Uygulama, (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi. Konya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yazıcıoğlu, Y. &amp; Erdoğan S. (2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Detay Yayıncılık. Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yıldız, K. (2013). Örgütsel bağlılık ile örgütsel sinizm ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki. Turkish Studies. 8(6), 853-879.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yılmaz, O., (2022). Örgütsel adalet algısının örgütsel bağlılıkla ilişkisinde iş tatmininin aracılık rolü. Doktora Tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yılmaz, T. (2019). İlköğretim ve ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin örgütsel muhalefete ilişkin görüşleri (Hakkari İli Örneği). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi] Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhan, M.M. &amp; Hample, D. (2016). Predicting employee dissent expression in organizations: A cost and benefit approach. Management Communication Quarterly, 30(4), 441–471.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhou, J. &amp; George J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 682-696.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
