مواقف الأمم المتحدة تجاه احتلال إسرائيل لغربي وشرقي القدس في سياق القانون الدولي

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 30.06.2023

Berdal Aral

https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1230891

Öz

يتم مناقشة في هذا المقال موقف الأمم المتحدة، التي تم تكليفها بمسؤولية أساسية للحفاظ على السلام والأمن الدوليين، تجاه احتلال الأراضي الفلسطينية أولاً على يد مجموعات إرهابية صهيونية ثم من قبل إسرائيل، مع التركيز بشكل خاص على شرقي وغربي القدس. تكشف النتائج التي تم تقديمها أن مجلس الأمن والجمعية العامة كانا في العموم صامتين وغير فعالين في مواجهة سياسات احتلال الدولة الصهيونية التي استهدفت فلسطين، خلال وبعد الحرب الباردة. في حين لم تظهر هذه الهيئات التابعة للأمم المتحدة أي رد فعل على احتلال إسرائيل لغربي القدس عام 1948، دعت هذه الهيئات إلى إنهاء احتلال شرقي القدس عام 1967، لكن قراراتهم لم تكن خاضعة لأي عقوبات على المحتل. وبما أنه لم يتم تعزيزه بأي عقوبات او تهديدات، بقيت هذه القرارات ضعيفة وغير فعالة. ونتيجة لذلك، ظلت الأمم المتحدة بعيدة عن تقديم دعم كبير للقضية الفلسطينية، في مواجهة احتلال إسرائيل الكامل للأراضي الفلسطينية، حيث تمتنع عن تفعيل الآليات 'الفعالة' الواردة في الفصل السابع من معاهدة تأسيس الأمم المتحدة.

Anahtar Kelimeler

الاحتلال الإسرائيلي, ميثاق الأمم المتحدة, فلسطين, الجمعية العامة, مجلس الأمن, السيادة

The Attitudes of the United Nations to the Occupation of Western and Eastern Jerusalem by Israel in the Context of International Law

Öz

This article examines the attitude of the UN, which has a fundamental responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, in the face of the occupation of Palestinian lands first by Zionist terrorist groups and then by 'Israel', with a particular focus on West and East Jerusalem. The findings reveal that both during and after the Cold War, the Security Council and the General Assembly remained generally silent and ineffective in the face of the Zionist state's occupation policies targeting Palestine. While these UN bodies did not react to Israel's occupation of West Jerusalem in 1948, they called for an end to the occupation of East Jerusalem in 1967, but their resolutions remained ineffective and weak, as they were not backed up by any sanctions or threats. Consequently, the UN has been far from providing significant support to the Palestinian cause, as it has failed to mobilise the 'effective' mechanisms enshrined in Article VII of the UN Charter in the face of Israel's total occupation of the Palestinian territories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Palestine, Israeli occupation, UN Charter, General Assembly, Security Council, sovereignty

Uluslararası Hukuk Bağlamında Birleşmiş Milletler’in Batı ve Doğu Kudüs’ün İsrail Tarafından İşgaline Yönelik Tutumu

Öz

Bu makalede, uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin korunması hususunda kendisine aslî bir sorumluluk yüklenmiş olan Birleşmiş Milletler ’in (BM), Filistin topraklarının önce Siyonist terör grupları, sonra İsrail tarafından işgali karşısında almış olduğu tutum, hususiyetle Batı ve Doğu Kudüs’e odaklanılarak ele alınmaktadır. Burada ortaya konan bulgular, hem Soğuk Savaş boyunca hem de sonrasında Güvenlik Konseyi’nin ve Genel Kurul’un Siyonist devletin Filistin’i hedef alan işgal politikaları karşısında genel olarak sessiz ve etkisiz kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu BM organları, İsrail’in Batı Kudüs’ü 1948’deki işgali karşısında herhangi bir tepki göstermezken, bu organlar, aynı devletin 1967’de Doğu Kudüs’ü işgali karşısında, işgale son verilmesi çağrısı yapmışlar ve fakat aldıkları kararlar, herhangi bir yaptırımla ya da tehditle tahkim edilmediğinden, etkisiz ve cılız kalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, BM, İsrail’in Filistin topraklarını bütünüyle işgali karşısında BM Kurucu Antlaşması’nın VII. Bölümünde ifadesini bulan ‘etkili’ mekanizmaları harekete geçirmekten uzak durması itibariyle, Filistin davasına dikkate değer destek vermekten uzak kalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistin, İsrail işgali, BM Andlaşması, Genel Kurul, Güvenlik Konseyi, egemenlik

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