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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>müh.bil.ve araş.dergisi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2687-4415</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46387/bjesr.1306577</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Electrical Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Elektrik Mühendisliği</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Makine Öğrenmesi ve Optimizasyon Yöntemleri ile Uzun Dönem Elektrik Enerjisi Tahmini: Türkiye Örneği</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Long-Term Electricity Demand Forecasting with Machine Learning and Optimization Methods: The Case of Turkey</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-861X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Karaman</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ömer Ali</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BATMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEKNİK BİLİMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-0123</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bektaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Yasin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>AKSARAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, AKSARAY TEKNİK BİLİMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20231027">
                    <day>10</day>
                    <month>27</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>5</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>285</fpage>
                                        <lpage>292</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230529">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230723">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Sanayileşmenin hızla artması enerji ihtiyacını günümüzde artmıştır. Bununla birlikte ortaya çıkan bu enerji ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için ön görülebilecek enerji tahminlerini yapabilmek için optimizasyon ve makine öğrenme algoritmaları ön plana çıkmıştır. Parçacık sürü optimizasyonu (PSO), Lineer Regresyon (LR) ve Gauss Süreç Regresyonu (GSR) bu algoritmalar içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada PSO, LR ve GSR algoritmaları kullanılarak Türkiye’nin 2020-2040 yılları arasındaki enerji talep tahmini yapılmıştır. Bu tahmin işlemlerinin yapılabilmesi için 1980-2019 yılları arasında geçmiş nüfus, ihracat, ithalat, gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla (GSYH) giriş verileri olarak kullanılırken enerji tüketimi çıkış verisi olarak kullanılmıştır. PSO, LR ve GSR yöntemlerinin performans sonuçlarını değerlendirebilmek için regresyon kare (R2) değeri, kök ortalama kare hatası (RMSE), ortalama kare hatası (MSE) ve ortalama mutlak hata (MAE) hata metrikleri kullanıldı. R2, RMSE, MSE ve MAE değerleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bütün yöntemlerin başarılı sonuçlar verdiği gözlemlenmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The rapid spread of industrialization has increased the need for energy today. However, optimization and machine learning algorithms have come to the fore in order to make predictable energy estimates in order to meet this emerging energy need. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Lineer Regresyon (LR) and support vector regression (SVR) are included in these algorithms. In this study, using PSO, LR and GSR algorithms, Turkey&#039;s energy demand estimation between the years 2020-2040 was carried out. In order to make these estimations, the past population, exports, imports, gross domestic product (GDP) between 1980-2019 were used as input data, while energy consumption was used as output data. Regression square (R2) value, root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) error metrics were used to evaluate the performance results of the PSO, LR, and GSR methods. Considering the R2, RMSE, MSE and MAE values, it has been determined that all methods have successful results.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Particle Swarm Optimization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Linear Regression</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gaussian Process Regression</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Energy Demand Forecasting</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Particle Swarm Optimization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Linear Regression</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gaussian Process Regression</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Energy Demand Forecasting</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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