<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-2145</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46413/boneyusbad.1697486</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Nutritional Science</subject>
                                                            <subject>Public Health Nutrition</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Beslenme Bilimi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Halk Sağlığı Beslenmesi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Bitki Bazlı Diyete Bağlılığın Gastrointestinal Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi: Yetişkinler Üzerinde Kesitsel Bir Çalışma</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>The Effect of Adherence to a Plant-Based Diet on Gastrointestinal Health: A Cross-Sectional Study on Adults</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-676X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özlü Karahan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Tuğçe</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6494-5476</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aydın</surname>
                                    <given-names>Öykü</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2063-1923</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Küçükpolat</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fatma</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7078-0550</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çapar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nisa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2199-823X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aktaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sena Nur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2411-4690</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yılmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şevval</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5165-8483</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Dirhemsiz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Zümre</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-6836</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kenger</surname>
                                    <given-names>Emre Batuhan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260427">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>27</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>8</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>143</fpage>
                                        <lpage>152</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250512">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250923">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Bireylerin bitki bazlı diyet bağlılıkları ile gastrointestinal semptomlar arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Nisan-Mayıs 2024 tarihleri arasında 18-65 yaş arası 314 birey üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılara; genel bilgiler bölümü, besin tüketim sıklığı ve Gastrointestinal Semptom Değerlendirme Ölçeği sorularından oluşan bir anket formu uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Sağlıklı bitki bazlı beslenmeye daha fazla bağlılık gösteren bireylerin daha düşük reflü semptomları yaşadığı, daha az sağlıklı bitki bazlı beslenmeye daha fazla bağlılık gösteren bireylerin ise daha yüksek karın ağrısı ve reflü semptomları yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir (p</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Aim: This study evaluated the relationship between adherence to a plant-based diet (PBD) and gastrointestinal symptoms.Material and Method: This study was conducted on 314 individuals aged 18-65 years between April and June 2024. A questionnaire form consisting of a general information section, food consumption frequency, and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questions was applied to the participants.Results: It was found that individuals who showed more adherence to healthy PBD experienced lower reflux symptoms. In comparison, individuals who showed more adherence to unhealthy PBD experienced higher abdominal pain and reflux symptoms (p</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Plant-based diet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gastrointestinal health</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gastrointestinal symptom</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Vegetarian diet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Plant foods</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Bitki bazlı beslenme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bitkisel besinler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gastrointestinal sağlık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gastrointestinal semptom</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Vejetaryen diyet</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahuja, A., Pelton, M., Raval, S., Kesavarapu, K. (2023). Role of nutrition in gastroesophageal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Gastro Hep Advances., 2(6), 860-872. doi: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.06.010</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alcorta, A., Porta, A., Tárrega, A., Alvarez, M. D., Vaquero, M. P. (2021). Foods for plant-based diets: challenges and innovations. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 10(2), 293. doi: 10.3390/foods10020293</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arnone, D., Chabot, C., Heba, A. C., Kökten, T., Caron, B., Hansmannel, F., ... Peyrin-Biroulet, L. (2022). Sugars and gastrointestinal health. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal Of The 
American Gastroenterological Association, 20(9), 1912–1924.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.011</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Corrin, T., Papadopoulos, A. (2017). Understanding the attitudes and perceptions of vegetarian and plant-based diets to shape future health promotion programs. Appetite, 109, 40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.018</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Craig, W. J., Mangels, A. R., Fresán, U., Marsh, K., Miles, F. L., Saunders, A. V., ...  Orlich, M. (2021). The safe and effective use of plant-based diets with guidelines for health professionals. Nutrients, 13(11), 4144. doi: 10.3390/nu13114144</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çolak, H., Güneş, F. E., Alahdab, Y. Ö., &amp; Karakoyun, B. (2022). Investigation of eating habits in patients with functional dyspepsia. The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 33(8), 673. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2022.21502</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dahiya, D., &amp; Nigam, P. S. (2022). Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fermented foods as potential biotics in nutrition improving health via microbiome-gut-brain axis. Fermentation, 8(7), 303. doi: 10.3390/fermentation8070303</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fehér, A., Gazdecki, M., Véha, M., Szakály, M., Szakály, Z. (2020). A comprehensive review of the benefits of and the barriers to the switch to a plant-based diet. Sustainability, 12(10). doi: 10.3390/su12104136</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Feraco, A., Armani, A., Amoah, I., Guseva, E., Camajani, E., Gorini, S., ... Lombardo, M. (2024). Assessing gender differences in food preferences and physical activity: a population-based survey. Frontiers In Nutrition, 11, 1348456. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1348456</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Freitas, P. L. D., Miranda, J. P. N., França, L. M., &amp; Paes, A. M. D. A. (2022). Plant-derived (poly) phenols and their metabolic outcomes: the pursuit of a role for the gut microbiota. Nutrients, 14(17), 3510. doi: 10.3390/nu14173510</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gan, Z. H., Cheong, H. C., Tu, Y. K., Kuo, P. H. (2021). Association between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutrients, 13(11), 3952. doi: 10.3390/nu13113952</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gill, S. K., Rossi, M., Bajka, B., Whelan, K. (2021). Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, 18(2), 101-116. doi: 10.1038/ s41575-020-00375-4</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gunes, F. E., Imeryuz, N., Akalin, A., Bekiroglu, N., Alphan, E., Oguz, A., Dehghan, M. (2015). Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake in Turkish adults. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 65(7), 756-63.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Heidarzadeh-Esfahani, N., Soleimani, D., Hajiahmadi, S., Moradi, S., Heidarzadeh, N., Nachvak, S. M. (2021). Dietary intake in relation to the risk of reflux disease: a systematic review. Preventive Nutrition And Food Science, 26(4), 367–379. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.367</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Herter, J., Stübing, F., Lüth, V., Zimmermann, J., Lederer, A. K., Hannibal, L., ... Storz, M. A. (2024). Bowel health, defecation patterns and nutrient intake following adoption of a vegan diet: a randomized-controlled trial. 
Annals of Medicine, 56(1), 2305693. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2305693</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hills, R. D., Jr, Pontefract, B. A., Mishcon, H. R., Black, C. A., Sutton, S. C., Theberge, C. R. (2019). Gut microbiome: Profound implications for diet and disease. Nutrients, 11(7), 1613. doi: 10.3390/nu11071613</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hu, C., Shen, H. (2024). Microbes in health and disease: human gut microbiota. Applied Sciences, 14(23), 11354. doi: 10.3390/app142311354</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hu, J., Wang, J., Li, Y., Xue, K., Kan, J. (2023). Use of dietary fibers in reducing the risk of several cancer types: an umbrella review. Nutrients, 15(11), 2545. doi: 10.3390/nu15112545</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Iancu, M. A., Profir, M., Roşu, O. A., Ionescu, R. F., Cretoiu, S. M., Gaspar, B. S. (2023). Revisiting the intestinal microbiome and its role in diarrhea and constipation. Microorganisms, 11(9), 2177. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092177</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jardine, M. A., Kahleova, H., Levin, S. M., Ali, Z., Trapp, C. B., Barnard, N. D. (2021). Perspective: plant-based eating pattern for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment: efficacy, mechanisms, and practical considerations. Advances in Nutrition, 12(6), 2045–2055. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab063</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keshteli, A. H., Shaabani, P., Tabibian, S. R., Saneei, P., Esmaillzadeh, A., Adibi, P. (2017). The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake with gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iranian adults. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 22(1), 125. doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_283_17</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khan, M., Shah, K., Gill, S. K., Gul, N., Jestin, K. J., Valladares, V., ... Raza, M. (2024). Dietary habits and their impact on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Cureus, 16(7), e65552. doi: 10.7759/cureus.65552</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kim, H., Lee, K., Rebholz, C. M., Kim, J. (2021). Association between unhealthy plant-based diets and the metabolic syndrome in adult men and women: a population-based study in South Korea. The British Journal of Nutrition, 125(5), 577–590. doi:10.1017/S0007114520002895</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kim, S. Y., Jung, H. K., Lim, J., Kim, T. O., Choe, A. R., Tae, C. H., ... Jung, S. A. (2019). Gender specific differences in prevalence and risk factors for gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 34(21), e158. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e158</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kim, Y. S., Kim, N. (2020). Functional dyspepsia: a narrative review with a focus on sex-gender differences. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 26(3), 322–334. doi: 10.5056/jnm20026</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lan, H., Wang, H., Chen, C., Hu, W., Ai, C., Chen, L., Teng, H. (2024). Flavonoids and gastrointestinal health: single molecule for multiple roles. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 64(30), 10987-11005. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2230501</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lin, C. C., Geng, J. H., Wu, P. Y., Huang, J. C., Hu, H. M., Chen, S. C., Kuo, C. H. (2024). Sex difference in the associations among risk factors with gastroesophageal reflux disease in a large Taiwanese population study. BMC Gastroenterology, 24(1), 165. doi: 10.1186/s12876-024-03254-3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ma, G., Chen, Y. (2020). Polyphenol supplementation benefits human health via gut microbiota: A systematic review via meta-analysis. Journal of Functional Foods, 66, 103829. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103829</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mehta, R. S., Song, M., Staller, K., Chan, A. T. (2020). Association between beverage intake and incidence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : The Official Clinical Practice Journal of The American Gastroenterological Association, 18(10), 2226–2233.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.040</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Miki, A. J., Livingston, K. A., Karlsen, M. C., Folta, S. C., McKeown, N. M. (2020). Using evidence mapping to examine motivations for following plant-based diets. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(3), nzaa013. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa013</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mostafavi Abdolmaleky, H., Zhou, J. R. (2024). Gut microbiota dysbiosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in metabolic diseases. Antioxidants, 13(8), 985. doi: 10.3390/antiox13080985</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nilholm, C., Larsson, E., Roth, B., Gustafsson, R., Ohlsson, B. (2019). Irregular dietary habits with a high intake of cereals and sweets are associated with more severe gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients. Nutrients, 11(6), 1279. doi: 10.3390/nu11061279</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ostrowski, B., Malinowska, A., Budzyńska, A., Nowakowska-Duława, E., Hartleb, M. (2018). Effects of vegetarian diet on gastrointestinal symptoms. Paediatrics and Family Medicine, 14(4), 402. doi: 10.15557/PiMR.2018.0052</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Peery, A. F., Sandler, R. S., Galanko, J. A., Bresalier, R. S., Figueiredo, J. C., Ahnen, D. J., ... Baron, J. A. (2015). Risk factors for hemorrhoids on screening colonoscopy. PloS One, 10(9), e0139100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139100</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Remde, A., DeTurk, S. N., Almardini, A., Steiner, L., Wojda, T. (2022). Plant-predominant eating patterns–how effective are they for treating obesity and related cardiometabolic health outcomes?–a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews, 80(5), 1094-1104. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab060</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Revicki, D. A., Wood, M., Wiklund, I., Crawley, J. (1998). Reliability and validity of the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Quality of Life Research: an International Journal of Quality Of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care And Rehabilitation, 7(1), 75–83.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rinninella, E., Tohumcu, E., Raoul, P., Fiorani, M., Cintoni, M., Mele, M. C., ... Ianiro, G. (2023). The role of diet in shaping human gut microbiota. Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 62, 101828. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101828</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rizzo, G., Baroni, L., Bonetto, C., Visaggi, P., Orazzini, M., Solinas, I., ... de Bortoli, N. (2023). The role of a plant-only (vegan) diet in gastroesophageal reflux disease: online survey of the Italian general population. Nutrients, 15(22), 4725. doi: 10.3390/nu15224725</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sadafi, S., Azizi, A., Pasdar, Y., Shakiba, E., Darbandi, M. (2024). Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a population-based study. BMC Gastroenterology, 24(1), 64. doi: 10.1186/s12876-024-03143-9</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saravia, L., Moliterno, P., Skapino, E., &amp; Moreno, L. A. (2022). Food diary, food frequency questionnaire, and 24-hour dietary recall. In Basic Protocols in Foods and Nutrition (pp. 223-247). New York, NY: Springer US. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2345-9_15</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Satija, A., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Rimm, E. B., Spiegelman, D., Chiuve, S. E., Borgi, L., ... Hu, F. B. (2016). Plant-based dietary patterns and ıncidence of type 2 diabetes in us men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies. PLoS Medicine, 13(6), e1002039. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002039</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sidhu, S. R. K., Kok, C. W., Kunasegaran, T., Ramadas, A. (2023). Effect of plant-based diets on gut microbiota: a systematic review of interventional studies. Nutrients, 15(6), 1510. doi: 10.3390/nu15061510</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Suresh, A., Shobna, Salaria, M., Morya, S., Khalid, W., Afzal, F. A., Khan A. A., ...  Mukonzo Kasongo, E. L. (2024). Dietary fiber: an unmatched food component for sustainable health. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 35(1), 2384420. doi: 10.1080/09540105.2024.2384420</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Taraszewska, A. (2021). Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and diet. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 72(1), 21-28. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2021.0145</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Thompson, A. S., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Karavasiloglou, N., Jennings, A., Cantwell, M., Hill, C., ... Kühn, T. (2023). Association of healthful plant-based diet adherence with risk of mortality and major chronic diseases among adults in the UK. JAMA Network Open, 6(3), e234714. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.4714</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turan, N., Ast, T. A., Kaya, N. (2017). Reliability and validity of the turkish version of the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale. Gastroenterology nursing: the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, 40(1), 47–55. doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000177</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Verkuijl, S. J., Meinds, R. J., Trzpis, M., Broens, P. M. A. (2020). The influence of demographic characteristics on constipation symptoms: a detailed overview. BMC Gastroenterology, 20(1), 168. doi: 10.1186/s12876-020-01306-y</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vivier, H., Ross, E. J., Cassisi, J. E. (2020). Classification of gastrointestinal symptom patterns in young adults. BMC Gastroenterology, 20, 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12876-020-01478-7</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wenzl, E. M., Riedl, R., Borenich, A., Petritsch, W., Wenzl, H. H. (2021). Low prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in vegetarians. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, 40, 154-161. doi: 10.1007/s12664-021-01156-w</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yadegarfar, G., Momenyan, S., Khoobi, M., Salimi, S., Sheikhhaeri, A., Farahabadi, M., Heidari, S. (2018). Iranian lifestyle factors affecting reflux disease among healthy people in Qom. Electronic Physician, 10(4), 6718–6724. doi: 10.19082/6718</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yurtdaş, G., Acar-Tek, N., Akbulut, G., Cemali, Ö., Arslan, N., Beyaz Coşkun, A., &amp; Zengin, F. H. (2020). Risk factors for constipation in adults: a cross-sectional study. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(8), 713-719. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1727380</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhuang, M., Zhang, X., Cai, J. (2024). Microbiota-gut-brain axis: interplay between microbiota, barrier function and lymphatic system. Gut microbes, 16(1), 2387800. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387800</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
