Journal of Boron 2149-9020 2667-8438 TENMAK Bor Araştırma Enstitüsü Engineering Mühendislik Boron fertilizers: Use, challenges and the benefit of slow-release sources – a review https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-2944 Degryse Fien 12 30 2017 2 3 111 122 03 22 2017 10 19 2017 Copyright © 2016, Bor Dergisi 2016 Bor Dergisi

Boron (B) is an essential plant nutrient, but can be toxic when presentin excess. Boron is usually present as an uncharged molecule (H3BO30)in the soil solution and is highly mobile in most soils. Deficiency of B istherefore quite common in high-rainfall environments, especially on sandysoils. Boron fertilizers are commonly used to correct its deficiency in crops.The most commonly used fertilizers are soluble sodium borates (e.g., borax),but care should be taken with rates and placement of such B products, sinceelevated B concentrations may result in seedling toxicity and yield reduction.Moreover, significant leaching losses of applied B may occur in high-rainfallenvironments. Slow-release B sources reduce both the risk of seedling toxicityand of leaching, and can provide adequate supply of B over a longer period.This may allow for lower B rates or less frequent application compared tosoluble fertilizers. The most commonly used slow-release B sources aresparingly soluble ores, such as colemanite. The limited data in the literatureindicate that the release rate of B from slow-release sources in soil dependsboth on fertilizer characteristics and soil properties. However, more researchis needed to predict the release rate of B from various B ores for given soil andclimatic conditions. In recent years, slow-release coatings and matrices for Nfertilizers have received considerable attention and these new technologies maypotentially also be adopted for B-containing fertilizers.

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