Journal of Boron 2149-9020 2667-8438 TENMAK Bor Araştırma Enstitüsü Boron in arid zone agriculture: Israeli case studies https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8326-7365 Yermiyahu Uri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4105-7807 Ben-gal Alon 12 30 2017 2 3 128 141 03 23 2017 10 31 2017 Copyright © 2016, Bor Dergisi 2016 Bor Dergisi

Relatively high levels of boron (B)can be found in soils and irrigation water used for agriculture in semi-aridand arid regions. Furthermore, climatic conditions and resulting high levels ofplant transpiration in dry regions intensify B uptake and accumulation inplants and increase the probability of B toxicity. The focus of this review ison B interactions with soils and plants in dry regions. A basic introduction toB in soils and solutions and to B in the soil-water-plant continuum is presentedto provide the reader with sufficient background to understand issues of B inarid and semi-arid agriculture. Crops in arid areas are prone to exposure tostress-causing factors from excess B that occurs simultaneously with generalsalinity stress. In some cases in arid zone agriculture excess B is a result ofnative soil-born B, in other cases it is a result of B introduced withirrigation water. Both native and introduced B can have long-term consequenceson crop growth and agricultural management. The nature of excess B-salinityinteractions is also reviewed. Case studies representing two scenariosregarding excess B in arid agriculture are presented. In the first, naturallyoccurring B in vineyards in the Jordan Valley led to toxicity, even after yearsof leaching and irrigation with low-B water. In the second, saline water withhigh B concentration historically utilized in the western Negev for irrigationof cotton had serious repercussions on subsequent peanut crops. Crop and watermanagement options appropriate to anticipated conditions of high B in aridagriculture are presented and discussed. 

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