Beyin-Bağırsak-Mikrobiyota Ekseni: Genel Bakış

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 16 - 22, 30.06.2021

Mehmet Ekici , Hacer Baş Ekici

Öz

Bağırsak-beyin ekseni, bağırsak sistemi ile merkezi sinir sistemi arasında duygusal ve bilişsel beyin bölgeleri ile periferik bağırsak fonksiyonlarını etkileyen biyokimyasal çift yönlü bir iletişim ağıdır. Bağırsak, mikrobiyota ve beyin arasındaki bu çift yönlü iletişim, endokrin, immün-humoral bağlantılar ve metabolitlerle sağlanır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası poliaminler, nöropeptid benzeri bileşikler, nörotransmitterler ve nöromodülatör maddeler üretme yeteneğine sahiptir. Öncelikle bu metabolitler ve maddeler mikrobiyota-bağırsak etkileşim alanına yol açar ve beyin-bağırsak-mikrobiyota eksenini oluşturur. Beyin, sağlıklı bir enterik sistem ve sürdürülebilir dengeli bir mikrobiyota popülasyonu düzenleyicisidir. Benzer şekilde, enterik sistem ve mikrobiyota, normal merkezi sinir sistemi işleyişini düzenler ve tüm organizmanın homeokinesisini sürdürmek için merkezi sinir sistemi ile etkileşime girer. Ayrıca araştırmalar bağırsak mikrobiyotasının iltihaplı bağırsak hastalığından kansere ve şizofreniye kadar birçok fizyopatolojik süreçte önemli roller oynadığını da ortaya koymaktadır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının basit manipülasyonlarının, birçok karmaşık bağırsak ve merkezi sinir sistemi hastalığı için yeni tedavi yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgiler sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak; beyin-bağırsak-mikrobiyota ekseninin organizmanın homeokinesisinin sürdürülmesinde çok önemli olduğu ve bu eksendeki bozuklukların bazı hastalıkların oluşmasında kritik rol oynadığı açıktır. Bu derlemede beyin-bağırsak-mikrobiyota arasında iyi bilinen fizyolojik ve fizyopatolojik etkileşimlerin özetlenerek açıklanması amaçlandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası, Beyin-Bağırsak Ekseni, Enterik Sistem, Merkezi Sinir Sistemi

Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis: An Overview

Öz

The gut-brain axis is a biochemical bidirectional communication network between the intestinal system and the central nervous system, affecting emotional and cognitive brain regions and peripheral bowel functions. The brain is provided by endocrine, immune, humoral connections, and metabolites in this bidirectional communication between the gut and microbiota. The intestinal microbiota can produce polyamines, neuropeptide-like compounds, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulatory substances. First, these metabolites and substances lead to the microbiota-gut interaction area and form the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Similarly, the enteric system and microbiota interact with the central nervous system to maintain normal central nervous system functioning and homeokinesis of organismus totale. In addition, studies reveal that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in many physiopathological processes, from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer and schizophrenia. Simple manipulations of the gut microbiota can provide information on new treatment methods for many complex intestinal and central nervous system diseases. As a result; It is clear that the brain-gut-microbiota axis is critical in maintaining the homeokinesis of the organism and disorders in this axis play a critical role in the development of some diseases. This review, it is aimed to summarize and explain well-known physiological and physiopathological interactions between brain-gut-microbiota.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Central Nervous System, Enteric System, Gut-Brain Axis, Intestinal Microbiota

Kaynakça

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