Genotypic Effects of b-casein in Milk Composition in Jersey Cows

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 649 - 654, 01.11.2023

Leila Ben Farhat , Amanda Hoarau , Violetta Tóth , Agnes Suli , Kata Sara Labas , Ferid Abidi , Edit Mikó

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1297156

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the β-casein CSN2 genotypes (A1A1, A1A2, A2A2) and the biochemical characters and fatty acid composition of milk. Twenty-three milk samples from Jersey cows from the same herd from a farm in Hungary were studied. Animals were grouped according to β-casein genotype variants A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2. A1A1 milk had a significantly higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.001) and a lower content of saturated fatty acids (<0.001). A2A2 milk had a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.001) in milk. Moreover, the three varieties of milk show no significant difference for the composition of the polyunsaturated between CSN2 genotypes A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2. Also, no significant differences were observed in physicochemical composition of the milk. Accordingly, selective selection of genotypes with preferred qualities can improve milk and dairy products. In conclusion the fatty acid content the milk could be influenced by CSN2 genotypes A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2.

Keywords

A1 milk, A2 milk, Beta-casein, Fatty acid

References

• Ahmed AS, Rahmatalla S, Bortfeldt R, Arends D, Reissmann M, Brockmann GA. 2017. Milk protein polymorphisms and casein haplotypes in Butana cattle. J Appl Genet, 58: 261-271.
• Albarella S, Selvaggi M, D’Anza E, Cosenza G, Caira S, Scaloni A, Fontana A, Peretti V, Ciotola F. 2020. Influence of the casein composite genotype on milk quality and coagulation properties in the endangered Agerolese cattle breed. Anim, 10: 892.
• Baer RJ. 1991. Alteration of the fatty acid content of milk fat. J Food Prot, 54: 383-386.
• Barnsteiner A, Lubinus T, di Gianvito A, Schmid W, Engel KH. 2011. GC-based analysis of plant stanyl fatty acid esters in enriched foods. J Agric Food Chem, 59: 5204-5214.
• Bonsing J, Ring JM, Stewart AF, Mackinlay AG. 1988. Complete nucleotide sequence of the bovine beta-casein gene. Aust J Biol Sci, 41: 527-537.
• Carroll SM, DePeters EJ, Taylor SJ, Rosenberg M, Perez-Monti H, Capps VA. 2006. Milk composition of Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss cows in response to increasing levels of dietary fat. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 131: 451-473.
• Cui Y, Liu B, Qu X, Dong A, Cao Y, Ma Y. 2012. Detection of β-casein variants in yak (Bos grunniens) by PCR-SSCP. Eur Food Res Technol, 234: 551-556.
• De Jong C, Badings HT. 1990. Determination of free fatty acids in milk and cheese procedures for extraction, clean up, and capillary gas chromatographic analysis. J High Resol Chromatogr, 13: 94-98.
• De Vitte K, Kerziene S, Klementavičiūtė J, De Vitte M, Mišeikienė R, Kudlinskienė I, Čepaitė J, Dilbiene V, Stankevičius R. 2022. Relationship of β-casein genotypes (A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2) to the physicochemical composition and sensory characteristics of cows’ milk. J App Anim Res, 50: 161-166.
• DiGiacomo K, Zamuner F, Sun Y, Dunshea FR, Raynes JK, Leury BJ. 2022. Effects of raw and pasteurized camel milk on metabolic responses in pigs fed a high-fat diet. Anim, 12: 1701.
• Eisenstecken D, Stanstrup J, Robatscher P, Huck CW, Oberhuber M. 2021. Fatty acid profiling of bovine milk and cheese from six European areas by GC-FID and GC-MS. Int J Dairy Technol, 74: 215-224.
• Ferretti L, Leone P, Sgaramella V. 1990. Long range restriction analysis of the bovine casein genes. Nucleic Acids Res, 18: 6829-6833.
• Ivanković A, Pećina M, Ramljak J, Pašić V. 2021. Genetic polymorphism and effect on milk production of CSN2 gene in conventional and local cattle breeds in Croatia. Mljekarstvo, 71: 3-12.
• Kumar S, Dahiya SP, Kumar S, Magotra A. 2017. Type of milk (A1/A2) and human health attributes: A review. Indian J Health Wellbeing, 8: 1268-1270.
• Mayer HK, Lenz K, Halbauer EM. 2021. “A2 milk” authentication using isoelectric focusing and different PCR techniques. Food Res Int, 147: 110523.
• Nguyen QV, Malau-Aduli BS, Cavalieri J, Nichols PD, Malau-Aduli AE. 2019. Enhancing omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content of dairy-derived foods for human consumption. Nutrients, 11: 743.
• Perna A, Intaglietta I, Simonetti A, Gambacorta E. 2016. The influence of casein haplotype on morphometric characteristics of fat globules and fatty acid composition of milk in Italian Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci, 99: 2512-2519.
• Roginski H, Fuquay JW, Fox PF. 2003. Encyclopedia of dairy sciences. Volumes 1-4. Academic press, London, UK, pp: 122.
• Samoré A, Canavesi F, Rossoni A, Bagnato A. 2012. Genetics of casein content in Brown Swiss and Italian Holstein dairy cattle breeds. Ital J Anim Sci, 36: 196-202.
• Vázquez-Román S, Garcia-Lara NR, Escuder-Vieco D, Chaves-Sánchez F, De la Cruz-Bertolo J, Pallas-Alonso CR. 2013. Determination of dornic acidity as a method to select donor milk in a milk bank. Breastfeeding Medic, 8: 99-104.
• Vougiouklaki D, Antonopoulos D, Allexeli S, Houhoula D. 2020. Identification of polymorphisms of gene CSN2 of B casein in Greek cow breeds (Holstein) by restriction fragment length polymorphism. J Agri Sci, 12(11): 32.
• Washburn SP, White SL, Green Jr JT, Benson GA. 2002. Reproduction, mastitis, and body condition of seasonally calved Holstein and Jersey cows in confinement or pasture systems. J Dairy Sci, 85(1): 105-111.
• Xiao S, Wang Q, Li C, Liu W, Zhang J, Fan Y, Zhang S. 2022. Rapid identification of A1 and A2 milk based on the combination of mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Food Control, 134: 108659.