Does Covid-19 affect lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of male patients?

Öz

Objective: We investigated the effect of COVID-19 on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in male patients. Methods: 110 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were prospectively included in the study. Fifty-five male patients over the age of 40 who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 at University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital between May 2020 and April 2021, who did not meet the exclusion criteria, were included in the study. As a control patient, 80 patients in the same age group who applied to the urology outpatient clinic for reasons other than LUTS were included. Demographic data of the patients such as age, total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), height and weight were recorded and analyzed. Patients were classified as mild (0-7), moderate (8-19), and severe (20-35) according to their IPSS. These forms were filled in by patients to avoid possible influence from the practitioner. All patients with 5 or more nocturia numbers were considered to have 5 nocturia numbers. Results: There was no age difference between the groups (p =0 .29). Although the IPSS value in the COVID-19 group was lower than the patients in the control group who applied to the outpatient clinic, the difference was found to be statistically insignificant (p = 0.07). Similarly, although nocturia and prostate volume was lower than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. The tPSA and fPSA examined were found to be statistically significantly lower in the COVID 19 group (p = 0.01, p = 0.009, respectively). However, there was no difference between f/t PSA (p = 0.3). Conclusion: We found that COVID 19 did not affect LUTS in male patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• free/total PSA
• lower urinary system symptoms
• nocturia

Kaynakça

1. Gravas S, Cornu J, Gacci M, et al. Management of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), incl. benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). 2019.
2. Robba C, Battaglini D, Pelosi P, Rocco PR. Multiple organ dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2: MODS-CoV-2. Expert review of respiratory medicine. 2020;14(9):865-8. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1778470
3. Tanriverdi ES, Yakupoğulları Y, Otlu B. COVID-19 etkeninin özellikleri. Çiçek C, editör. Mikrobiyoloji ve COVID-19. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. p.7-14.
4. Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, et al. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Frontiers of medicine. 2020;14(2):185-92. doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0
5. Dhar N, Dhar S, Timar R, et al. De novo urinary symptoms associated With COVID-19: COVID-19-associated cystitis. Journal of clinical medicine research. 2020;12(10):681-2. doi: 10.14740/jocmr4294
6. Mumm J-N, Osterman A, Ruzicka M, et al. Urinary frequency as a possibly overlooked symptom in COVID-19 patients: does SARS-CoV-2 cause viral cystitis? European urology. 2020;78(4):624-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.05.013
7. Marand AJB, Bach C, Janssen D, et al. Lower urinary tract signs and symptoms in patients with COVID-19. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(1):1-5. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06394-z
8. Lamb LE, Timar R, Wills M, et al. Long COVID and COVID-19-associated cystitis (CAC). International urology and nephrology. 2021:1-5. doi: 10.1007/s11255-021-03030-2

9. Barry MJ, Fowler Jr FJ, O’Leary MP, et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Journal of urology. 1992;148(5):1549-57. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36966-5
10. Cockett A. Recommendations of the International Consensus Committee concerning Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) and quality of life assessment. Proceedlings of the International Consultation on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). 1991:279-81.
11. Creta M, Sagnelli C, Celentano G, et al. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection affects the lower urinary tract and male genital system: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93(5):3133-42. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26883
12. Selvi I, Dönmez Mİ, Ziylan O, Oktar T. Urodynamically proven lower urinary tract dysfunction in children after COVID‐19: A case series. LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. doi: 10.1111/luts.12436
13. Cinislioglu AE, Demirdogen SO, Cinislioglu N, et al. Variation of Serum PSA Levels in COVID-19 Infected Male Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): A Prospective Cohort Studys. Urology. 2022;159:16-21. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.09.016
14. Kaya Y, Kaya C, Kartal T, Tahta T, Tokgöz VY. Could LUTS be early symptoms of COVID‐19. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;75(3):e13850. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13850
15. Can O, Erkoç M, Ozer M, Karakanli MU, Otunctemur A. The effect of COVID‐19 on lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;75(6):e14110. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14110
16. Nabeeh H, Ibrahim A, Taha DE, Talaat M, Abdelbaky TM. Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and predictors of urine retention in such patients. LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. 2022;14(1):41-6. doi: 10.1111/luts.12407
17. Swatesutipun V, Tangpaitoon T. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Storage Urinary Symptoms in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients Who were Treated in Cohort Ward and Field Hospital. Siriraj Medical Journal. 2022;74(2):134-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33192/Smj.2022.17
18. Castro NM, Rodrigues Jr W, Freitas DM, et al. Urinary symptoms associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection: evidence of urinary manifestations in large group of HTLV-I carriers. Urology. 2007;69(5):813-8.
19. Lamb LE, Dhar N, Timar R, et al. COVID-19 inflammation results in urine cytokine elevation and causes COVID-19 associated cystitis (CAC). Medical hypotheses. 2020;145:110375.
20. Welk B, Richard L, Braschi E, Averbeck MA. Is coronavirus disease 2019 associated with indicators of long‐term bladder dysfunction? Neurourology and urodynamics. 2021;40(5):1200-6.
21. Karabulut I, Cinislioglu AE, Cinislioglu N, et al. The effect of the presence of lower urinary system symptoms on the prognosis of COVID-19: preliminary results of a prospective study. Urologia internationalis. 2020;104(11-12):853-8.