William Golding’in The Inheritors Romanında Bireyleşme Süreci: Duygulanım ve “Öteki”yle Karşılaşma

Öz

Bu makale, William Golding’in The Inheritors adlı romanındaki Neandertaller ve Homo Sapiensler arasındaki duygulanım aktarılışını ele alarak Neandertal karakterlerin bireyleşme sürecini inceler. Bilhassa “öteki” ile karşılaşmaya odaklanarak, iki grup arasında yayılan korku ve terör duygularının Neandertallerin dağılmasına yol açtığı öne sürülerek kendileri ve ötekiler arasında ayrım yapmalarında duygulanımın rolü irdelenecektir. Ardından duygulanımın bireyleşme sürecindeki etkisine dair bir tartışma yürütüp, bu karşılaşmanın ortaya çıkardığı krizin duygulanım aracılığıyla insanlığın masumiyetini yitirişine dair bir söyleme dönüşmesi üzerinde durulacaktır. Böylece Golding’in, boşluklar, dışarıda bırakılanlar ve sessizlikler aracılığıyla tarihsel sürekliliğin miras bırakılma biçimleri üzerine düşünceleri de tartışılmış olur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duygulanım Teorisi
• The Inheritors
• Neandertaller
• Homo Sapiensler
• Öteki

The Process of Individuation in William Golding’s The Inheritors: Affect and the Encounter with ‘the Other’

Abstract

This article traces the transmission of affect between the Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in William Golding’s The Inheritors which begins the process of individuation in the Neanderthal characters, Lok and Fa. Focusing in particular on the encounter with ‘the other’, I elucidate how mediation of affect between these groups turns the crisis of encounter into a debate about the innocence and fall of human beings, and about how historical continuities are transmitted through silences, gaps, and omissions of some people or some thoughts.

Keywords

• Affect theory
• The Inheritors
• Neanderthals
• Homo Sapiens
• ‘The Other’

References

1. Ahern, Stephen, ‘Introduction: A Feel for the Text’, in Affect Theory and Literary Critical Practice: A Feel for the Text, ed. by Stephen Ahern (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), pp. 1–21 (p. 13).
2. Babb, Howard S, The Novels of William Golding (Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1970).
3. Baker, James R., William Golding: A Critical Study (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1965), p. 23.
4. ___. ‘Introduction William Golding: Three Decades of Criticism’, in Critical Essays on William Golding, ed. by James R. Baker (Boston, Massachusetts: G. K. Hall & Co, 1988), pp. 1–13 (p. 4).
5. Benjamin, Walter, ‘Thesis on the Philosophy of History’, in Illuminations, ed. by Hannah Arendt trans. Harry Zohn (New York: Shocken Books, 1968), p. 256.
6. Biles, J. I, Talk: Conversations with William Golding (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), p. 105.
7. Blackman, Lisa, ‘Preface’, Immaterial Bodies Affect, Embodiment, Mediation (Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC: SAGE Publications, 2012), pp. ix-xxv. p.xxiii.
8. Blake, William, Complete Writings, ed. by Geoffrey Keynes (London, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 793.

9. Bowen, John, ‘Bending Over Backwards’, Times Literary Supplement, October 23, 1959.
10. Boyd, S. J., The Novels of William Golding, (Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990), p. 28.
11. Brennan, Teresa, The Transmission of Affect (London: Cornell University Press, 2004), p. 12.
12. Burroway, Janet, ‘Resurrected Metaphor in The Inheritors by William Golding’, Critical Quarterly, 23.1 (1981), 53–70 (p. 67).
13. Carey, John, William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies A Life (London: Faber and Faber, 2009), p. 179.
14. Deleuze, Gilles & Felix Guattari, What Is Philosophy? Trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Graham Burchell (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), p. 164.
15. Dick, Bernard F., William Golding (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1967).
16. Dicken-Fuller, Nicola C, William Golding’s Use of Symbolism (Lewes, Sussex: The Book Guild Ltd, 1990), p. 19.
17. Dickson, L. L., The Modern Allegories of William Golding (Gainesville: The University of South Florida Press, 1990).
18. Elmen, Paul, William Golding (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1967), p. 25.
19. Friedman, Lawrence S, William Golding (New York: Continuum, 1993), p. 43.
20. Gindin, James, Macmillan Modern Novelists William Golding (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London: Macmillan Publishers LTD, 1988).
21. Golding, William, The Inheritors (London-Boston: Faber and Faber, 1983).
22. ___. ‘Belief and Creativity’, in A Moving Target (London: Faber and Faber, 1982), pp. 198–99.
23. ___. & Frank Kermode, ‘The Meaning of It All’, Books and Bookmen. October 1959.
24. Hardt, Michael, ‘Foreword’, in The Affective Turn Theorizing the Social, ed. by Jean Halley Patricia Ticineto Clough (Durham & London: Duke University Press, 2007), pp. ix–xiii (p. ix).
25. Hynes, Samuel, William Golding (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968), p. 16.
26. Kinkead-Weekes, Mike and Ian Gregor, William Golding: A Critical Study of the Novels (London: Faber and Faber, 2002), p. 52.
27. Massumi, Brian, Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation (Durham & London: Duke University Press, 2002), p. 27.
28. ___. The Politics of Affect (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2015), p. 6.
29. Nietzsche, Frederich, The Use and Abuse of History, ed. by Julius Kraft (Indianapolis, New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1957), p. 6.
30. Okri, Ben, ‘An Ancient Imagination: Ben Okri on The Inheritors by William Golding’, The Irish Times (November 4, 2021).
31. Oldsey, Bernard S. and Stanley Weintraub, The Art of William Golding (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1968), p. 44.
32. Peter, John, ‘The Fables of William Golding’, Kenyon Review, XIX.
33. Redpath, Philip, ‘“Dogs Would Find an Arid Space Around My Feet”: A Humanist Reading of The Inheritors’, in Critical Essays on William Golding, ed. by James R. Baker (Boston, Massachusetts: G. K. Hall & Co, 1988), pp. 31–41 (p. 32).
34. Seigworth, G. J and Gregg, M.‘An inventory of shimmers’, in The Affect Theory Reader, M. Gregg and G.J. Seigworth (eds), (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010), pp. 1-29. p.3.
35. Tiger, Virginia, William Golding the Dark Fields of Discovery (London: Marion Boyars, 1976), p. 71.
36. Walker, Jeanne Murray, ‘Reciprocity and Exchange in William Golding’s “The Inheritors”’, Science Fiction Studies, 8.3 (1981), 297–310 (p. 300).
37. Wells, H. G., The Outline of History, Rev. ed. Garden City (New York: Garden City Books, 1961), p. 69.
38. Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Trans. D. F. Pears and B. F. McGuinness (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1921), p. 57.