KOKAIN ILE İLIŞKILI PATOLOJILER

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 16 - 24, 31.03.2021

Mustafa Akan Hatice Birgül Cumurcu

https://doi.org/10.5455/car.105-1632808119

Öz

Hızlıca bağımlılık geliştirebilen uyarıcı bir madde olan
kokainin, Avrupa’ da ve Türkiye’ de kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Kokain kullanımı bireyde psikiyatrik ve fiziksel
hastalıklara neden olmakla birlikte, toplumsal ve yasal
sorunlara da neden olabilir. Kokain bağımlılığının etyolojisinde genetik, sosyokültürel ve farmakolojik etkenler,
öğrenme ve koşullanma ile ilgili bazı faktörler önemli yer
tutar. Kokain, psikoaktif ve bağımlılık yaratan etkilerini,
zevk alma ve motivasyonu düzenleyen beyindeki limbik
sistem üzerinden gerçekleştirir. Limbik sistemin bir parçası olan nükleus akkumbens, kokain etkisine aracılık eden
en önemli bölgedir. Kokain kullanımı sıklıkla diğer psikiyatrik hastalıklarla birlikte görülebilir, ayrıca başta santral
sinir sistemi olmak üzere diğer sistem organlarını etkileyerek hasara neden olabilir. Bu yazıda, kokainin nörokimyasal etkileri, ilişkili psikiyatrik/fiziksel hastalıklar ve tedavi
seçenekleri güncel bilgiler ışığında sunulmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağımlılık, kokain, limbik sistem, nükleus akkumbens, dopamin.

Kaynakça

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