<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>cbu-sbed</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-9607</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34087/cbusbed.1514192</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Surgery (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Cerrahi (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Evaluation of Postoperative Pain Perceptions and Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Ureterorenoscopy</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Evaluation of Postoperative Pain Perceptions and Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Ureterorenoscopy</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-0570</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Eğilmez</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hatice</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-458X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Koyuncu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aynur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-6779</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yava</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ayla</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>HASAN KALYONCU ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250929">
                    <day>09</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>12</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>343</fpage>
                                        <lpage>349</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20240710">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>10</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250715">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Aim; This study was conducted to investigate postoperative pain and anxiety levels in patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy.Method; Descriptive and correlational study. A total of 165 patients who met the study criteria and agreed to participate were included in the study. Data were collected from the patients by direct interview within the first 24 hours postoperative in the urology clinic. Postoperative, the time when the patients came to the urology clinic was accepted as the zero (0th) hour, and the pain levels perceived were routinely evaluated every four hours by keeping the time difference constant at the specified time intervals (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24 hour). Pain perceptions was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale, and anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State. Statistical significance was set at p  &amp;lt; 0.05.Results; The results indicated that pain and anxiety were high in the first hours (0–4 hours) of surgery, and women experienced significantly more pain and anxiety (p  &amp;lt; 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between pain and anxiety (rspearman = 0.40 and p  &amp;lt; 0.05). Pain was found to be related to anxiety.Conclusion; Pain and anxiety levels of the patients were found to be high in the first hours after surgery. It is thought that these results will contribute to the assessment and management of patients&#039; pain and anxiety levels and planning appropriate nursing interventions.Keywords: Ureterorenoscopy, pain, anxiety</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Aim; This study was conducted to investigate postoperative pain and anxiety levels in patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy.Method; Descriptive and correlational study. A total of 165 patients who met the study criteria and agreed to participate were included in the study. Data were collected from the patients by direct interview within the first 24 hours postoperative in the urology clinic. Postoperative, the time when the patients came to the urology clinic was accepted as the zero (0th) hour, and the pain levels perceived were routinely evaluated every four hours by keeping the time difference constant at the specified time intervals (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24 hour). Pain perceptions was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale, and anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State. Statistical significance was set at p  &amp;lt; 0.05.Results; The results indicated that pain and anxiety were high in the first hours (0–4 hours) of surgery, and women experienced significantly more pain and anxiety (p  &amp;lt; 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between pain and anxiety (rspearman = 0.40 and p  &amp;lt; 0.05). Pain was found to be related to anxiety.Conclusion; Pain and anxiety levels of the patients were found to be high in the first hours after surgery. It is thought that these results will contribute to the assessment and management of patients&#039; pain and anxiety levels and planning appropriate nursing interventions.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>ureterorenoscopy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd> </kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  pain</kwd>
                                                    <kwd> </kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  anxiety</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>ureterorenoscopy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd> </kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  pain</kwd>
                                                    <kwd> </kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  anxiety</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Destekleyen kurum yok</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>Proje çalışması değil</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Gürler H, Gündüz ES, Risk factors in urinary stones: A case–control study. Int J Urol Nurs. 2021;1–6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	Boarin M, Villa G, Capuzzi C, et al. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations for urolithiasis prevention: A systematic literature review. Int J Urol Nurs. 2018;12:53–70.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Akıncı M, Esen T, Tellaloğlu S. Urinary Stone Disease in Turkey: An Updated Epidemiological Study. European Urology, 1991; 20(3):200–203.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	Muslumanoglu AY, Binbay M, Yuruk E, Akman T, Tepeler A, Esen T, Tefekli AH. Updated epidemiologic study of urolithiasis in Turkey. I: Changing characteristics of urolithiasis. Urol Res. 2011 Aug;39(4):309-14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Ahn ST, Kim JH, Park JY, et al. Acute postoperative pain after ureteroscopic removal of stone: Incidence and risk factors. Korean Journal of Urology, 2012;53(1):34–39.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	Preston A. Milburn, Kim H. Thai, Amr El Mekresh, Patrick S. Lowry &amp; Marawan M. El Tayeb. Relation of postoperative pain medication to return for unplanned care after ureteroscopy, Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019;32(2):199-201.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Rosen GH, Hargis PA, Kahveci A, Lough C, Moss A, Golzy M, Murray K.  Randomized Controlled Trial of Single-dose Perioperative Pregabalin in Ureteroscopy. J Ürol. 2023 Eylül;210(3):517-528.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Mulugeta H, Ayana M, Sintayehu M, et al. Preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgical patients in debre markos and felege hiwot referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Anesthesiology 2018;18(1):155.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Sturgeon J. A, Langford D, Tauben D, Sullivan M. Pain intensity as a lagging indicator of patient improvement: Longitudinal relationships with sleep, psychiatric distress, and function in multidisciplinary care. The Journal of Pain, (2021);22(3):313–321.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Ak S, Ongün P, Şenel Ç, et al. The effect of postoperative pain level on sleep quality in patients who undergo major urological surgery. Journal of Inonu University Vocational School of Health Services 2022;10(3):992–1003.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Mei G, Jiang W, Xu W, et al. Effect of comfort care on pain degree and nursing satisfaction in patients undergoing kidney stone surgery. American Journal of Translational Research 2021;13(10):11993–11998.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	Arlı Ş, K. Cerrahi Bakımda Ağrı Yönetimine İlişkin Hemşirelik Girişimleri. Manisa CBU Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / Manisa CBU Journal of Institute of Health Science 2017:4(3);1013-1021</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciencess . 1988: (2nd ed.). Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	Öner N, Le Compte A. State and trait anxiety inventory handbook. Istanbul Boğaziçi University Press 1983: pp(1-26).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Julian L, J. Measures of anxiety: State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A). Arthritis Care and Research 2011;63(Suppl. 11):S467–S472.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Aydıngülü N, Arslan S. Comfort Levels of Patients at Early Postoperative Period. KSU Medical Journal 2021;16(3) : 401-406.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	Du K, Wang R, S. Vetter J, et al. Unplanned 30-day encounters after uretero-renoscopy for urolithiasis. Journal of Endourology, 2018;32(12):1100-1107.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Ucer O, Ceylan Y, Ekren F, et al. Effect of anxiety and pain on success of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for treatment of proximal ureteral and renal pelvic stones. Urolithiasis, 2016:44(6);559–564.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	Sun j, Xu W, Ye H, Tang D, Jiang Y, Kang Y, Pan J, Zhu J, Zhou M, Che L. Stress Induces Prolonged Pain Recovery After Surgery: Involvement of Glucocorticoid-Related Pathway. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2023 Mar 11;26(4):268–279.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Yang B, Liu S, Wang J, et al. The impact of watching real-time videos of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy on anxiety and depression in patients. Int Urol Nephrol, 2022;54(5):1009-1015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	Akıncı N. Determining postoperative anxiety and depression levels of the patients hospitalized in surgical clinics. Health Care Acad J. 2022; 9(2):113-119.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22.	Belfer I. Pain in women.  Pain 2017;29(2):51–54.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
