Research Article

Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study

Volume: 9 Number: 17 July 1, 2026
TR EN

Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

Aim: Early childhood is a critical process characterized by rapid advancements in all developmental domains. This period holds great importance for both individual development and societal impacts. It is considered that parental attitudes and supportive environments provided during this period contribute significantly to children becoming healthy adults. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Early Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (EPAQ). Methods: The research was conducted with 266 mothers of children aged 3-6 years. In the adaptation process, linguistic equivalence, content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability, and discrimination tests were utilized. Results: Following linguistic equivalence procedures, no significant meaning differences were found between Turkish and English forms. Content validity was evaluated using Lawshe’s technique, with a content validity index of 0.98. EFA results indicated that the scale possesses a two-factor structure explaining 42.20% of the total variance. This structure is acceptable in social sciences, and fit indices support this finding. CFA results also confirmed this two-factor structure. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.613 for the entire scale, 0.792 for the “early learning” sub-dimension, and 0.658 for “love and attachment.” Conclusion: These results indicate that the EPAQ is a valid and reliable tool for Turkish mothers.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Child Development Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 1, 2026

Submission Date

February 13, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 17

APA
Gören, U., & Kaytez, N. (2026). Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of Child and Development, 9(17). https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1887677
AMA
1.Gören U, Kaytez N. Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of Child and Development. 2026;9(17). doi:10.36731/cg.1887677
Chicago
Gören, Umutcan, and Nazan Kaytez. 2026. “Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study”. Journal of Child and Development 9 (17). https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1887677.
EndNote
Gören U, Kaytez N (July 1, 2026) Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of Child and Development 9 17
IEEE
[1]U. Gören and N. Kaytez, “Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study”, Journal of Child and Development, vol. 9, no. 17, July 2026, doi: 10.36731/cg.1887677.
ISNAD
Gören, Umutcan - Kaytez, Nazan. “Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study”. Journal of Child and Development 9/17 (July 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1887677.
JAMA
1.Gören U, Kaytez N. Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of Child and Development. 2026;9. doi:10.36731/cg.1887677.
MLA
Gören, Umutcan, and Nazan Kaytez. “Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study”. Journal of Child and Development, vol. 9, no. 17, July 2026, doi:10.36731/cg.1887677.
Vancouver
1.Umutcan Gören, Nazan Kaytez. Adaptation of the Early Parenting Attitudes Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of Child and Development. 2026 Jul. 1;9(17). doi:10.36731/cg.1887677