Real-Time calculation of common power quality indices on Linux RT-Patch

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Gök , İbrahim Sefa

Abstract

Use of Linux with real-time capabilities is a common study in control systems and data processing due to programmer-friendly libraries, huge community support and free software. Real-time Linux with low-cost single board computers (SBCs) present a powerful evaluation environment for developers and researchers today. In this paper, a power signal processing application using Linux RT-Patch is realized. To evaluate the application, both real-time and non-real-time versions tested on single board computers Beaglebone Black and Raspberry Pi 3. Under load conditions, the non-real-time version of the application failed on Beaglebone Black by exceeding the real-time dead-line time of 20 ms consecutively. Raspberry Pi 3 succeeded even with non-real-time operation under load conditions. For both computers, the real-time version of the applications succeeded with a mean processing time under 10 ms. According to processing times, real-time operation brings a great performance enhancement particularly on Beaglebone Black with single core ARM processor. The measurement results show that the proposed system can be used for smart power metering and power signal acquisition purposes.

Keywords

Harmonics Detection, Real-Time Operating System, RT-Patch, Single Board Computer

References

• Yılmaz, A.S., Alkan, A., & Asyalı, M.H. Applications of parametric spectral estimation methods on detection of power system harmonics. Electr Power Syst Res 2008, 78(4), 683-693.
• Sadinezhad, I. & Agelidis, V.G. Slow sampling on-line harmonics/interharmonics estimation technique for smart meters. Electr Power Syst Res 2011, 81(8), 1643-1653.
• Jain, S.K. & Singh, S.N. Harmonics estimation in emerging power system: key issues and challenges. Electr Power Syst Res 2011, 81(9), 1754-1766.
• Li, P., Li, X., Li, J., You, Y., & Sang, Z. A real-time harmonic extraction approach for distorted grid. Mathematics 2021, 9(18), 1-20.
• She, X. & Xiong, J. Multi-channel electrical power data acquisition system based on AD7606 and NIOSII. 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering 2011, 1625-1627.
• Wenyi, L. & Hongcheng, Y. Design of high speed synchronous multi-channel data acquisition and processing system based on TMS320C6747. 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering 2010, 758-760.
• Zhang, M. & Li, K. DSP-FPGA based real-time power quality disturbances classifier. 2010 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition 2010, 1-6.
• He, Z. & Liao, Y. The design of analog acquisition system in distribution automation. 2012 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution 2012, 1-4.
• Wang, A., Pan, F., Li, Y., & Tao, R. The design of power quality detecting system based on OMAP-L138, IEEE 13th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics 2012, 1-4.
• Dias, R.A., Souza, T.E., & Noll, V. Experimental analysis of the Linux RT-patched for acquisition applied to power sector. Int J Comput Appl 2014, 101, 43-49.
• Perneel, L., Fayyad-Kazan, H., & Timmerman, M. Can Android be used for real-time purposes? 2012 International Conference on Computer Systems and Industrial Informatics 2012, 1-4.
• Betz, W., Cereia, M., & Bertolotti, I.C. Experimental evaluation of the Linux RT patch for real-time applications. 2009 IEEE Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation Conference 2009, 1-4.
• Vun, N., Hor, H.F., & Chao, J.W. Real-time enhancements for Embedded Linux. 2008 14th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed System 2008, 737-740.
• Vujović, V. & Maksimović, M. Raspberry Pi as a Sensor Web node for home automation. Comput Electr Eng 2015, 44, 153-171.
• Chen, Y. Research and design of intelligent electric power quality detection system based on VI. J Comput 2010, 5(1), 158-165.
• Miron, A., Chindriş, M.D., & Cziker, A.C. Software tool for real-time power quality analysis. Adv Electr Comp Eng 2013, 13(4), 125-132.
• Barbalace, A., Luchetta, A., Manduchi, G., Moro, M., Soppelsa, A., & Taliercio, C. Performance comparison of VxWorks, Linux, RTAI and Xenomai in a hard real-time application. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 2008, 55(1), 435-439.
• Reghenzani, F., Massari, F., & Fornaciari, W. The real-time Linux kernel: A survey on Preempt_RT. ACM Comput Surv 2019, 52(1), 1-36.
• Vidal, J., Mendoza, P., Vila, J., Crespo, S., & Sáez, S.A. Minimal RT-Linux embedded system for control applications. 2002 IFAC 15th Triennial World Congress 2002, 249-254.
• Frigo, M. & Johnson, S.G. The design and implementation of FFTW3. Proceedings of the IEEE 2005, 93(2), 216–231.
• Radil, T. & Ramos, P.M. Methods for estimation of voltage harmonic components. Power Quality, A. Eberhard (Ed.), Rijeka, Croatia: InTech 2011, 13, 255-270.
• Han, J., Kim, W., & Kim, C. Fault type classification in transmission line using STFT. 11th IET International Conference on Developments in Power Systems Protection 2012, 1-5.
• Lima, A.A.M., Cerqueira, A.S., Carlos, A.D., & Oliveira, E.J. Estimation of harmonics and interharmonics based on single channel independent component analysis. 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power 2014, 298-302.
• Gök, M., Görgünoğlu, S., & Sefa, İ. Design of a real-time USB interfaced multi-channel power system harmonics detection system. 9th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering 2015, 521-524.
• SQLite database engine. Accessed on: Oct. 3, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.sqlite.org
• Flask: a Python micro-framework for web. Accessed on: Oct. 3, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://flask.palletsprojects.com