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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>cihannüma</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Cihannüma Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2149-0678</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2148-8843</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30517/cihannuma.1725275</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Early Modern Discoveries and Colonialism History</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yeniçağ Keşifler ve Sömürgecilik Tarihi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>COĞRAFİ KEŞİFLER DÖNEMİ PORTEKİZ KAYNAKLARINDA “HİNTLİ” İMGESİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Representations of “Indian” Identity in Portuguese Sources of the Age of Exploration</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-1142</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Önalan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hava</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20251230">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>11</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>161</fpage>
                                        <lpage>186</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250623">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251112">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Cihannüma Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Cihannüma Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Coğrafî Keşifler döneminde Portekizli kâşif, tarihçi ve misyonerlerin Hindistan ile ilk temaslarına dair anlatılarında Hintli kimliğinin nasıl tasvir edildiğini incelemektedir. Portekizli denizciler Hindistan’a ulaşmayı başardıklarında yalnızca ticaret yollarını değil, karşılaştıkları toplumların kültürel ve sosyal yapılarını da detaylı şekilde gözlemlemişlerdir. Álvaro Velho, Duarte Barbosa, Garcia de Orta, Fernão Lopes de Castanheda ve João de Barros gibi isimlerin eserlerinde Hindistan’daki kast sistemi, yerel halkın fiziksel görünümü, giyimleri, dinî ritüelleri ve sosyal yaşamları üzerine yoğun betimlemeler yer almaktadır. Özellikle nair savaşçıları, Brahman din adamları, cenaze ritüelleri gibi konular ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu tasvirler, Portekizlilerin Hint toplumuna yönelik merak, hayranlık ve kültürel üstünlük arayışı gibi duygularını bir arada barındırmaktadır. Kaynaklarda sömürgeci misyonun dinî boyutu da açıkça görülmektedir. Özellikle Brahmanlara yönelik olumsuz söylemler, Hristiyan misyonerlerin faaliyetleri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Hint toplumu hem ilgiyle hem de ilkel ve batıl olarak tabir edilecek şekilde Avrupa merkezli bir üstünlük anlayışıyla değerlendirmiştir. Misyoner Francis Xavier gibi isimler özellikle Brahmanları eleştirmiş, onları halkı kandırmakla suçlamış ve Hristiyanlığı yayma çalışmalarında engel olarak görmüştür. Bu anlatılar sadece gözlem değil aynı zamanda bir sömürgeci bakış açısını da yansıtmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Portekizlilerin ilk etkileşimlerinde Hint toplumunu nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını, dönemin birincil kaynakları ve tasvirlerine dayalı olarak anlatmayı hedeflemektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study examines how Indian identity was portrayed in the accounts of Portuguese explorers, historians and missionaries during the Age of Exploration particularly in their initial encounters with India. When Portuguese sailors succeeded in reaching India they not only charted new trade routes but also meticulously observed the cultural and social structures of the societies they encountered. Works by figures such as Vasco da Gama, Duarte Barbosa, Garcia de Orta, Fernão Lopes de Castanheda and João de Barros contain detailed descriptions of the caste system the physical appearance and clothing of the local people, religious rituals and various aspects of social life in India. Particular attention is given to topics such as the Nair warriors, Brahmin priests and funeral rituals. These depictions reflect a complex interplay of curiosity, admiration and a quest for cultural superiority on the part of the Portuguese. The religious dimension of the colonial mission is also evident in the sources. Especially in relation to the Brahmins, negative discourse is analyzed within the context of Christian missionary activities. Indian society was portrayed with a mixture of fascination and a Eurocentric sense of superiority often characterized as primitive or superstitious. Missionaries such as Francis Xavier strongly criticized the Brahmins, accusing them of deceiving the people and viewing them as obstacles to the spread of Christianity. These narratives reflect not only observation but also a distinctly colonial perspective. In this context the study aims to explore how the Portuguese made sense of Indian society during their initial interactions based on primary sources and contemporary descriptions.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Portekiz</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Coğrafi Keşifler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hindistan</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hintli</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tasvir</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                                                                                    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Portuguese</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Age of Exploration</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  India</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Indian</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Depiction</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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