An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Energy Drinks on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid and Microhybrid Composite Resins

Abstract

Background and Aim: To assess the impacts of various energy drinks on the color stability and surface roughness of nanohybrid and microhybrid resin-based composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 disc-shaped samples were fabricated using nanohybrid and microhybrid composite resins. The samples were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups according to the beverage used for immersion (n=10): Distilled Water (control), Black Bruin, Black Eagle, Burn, Just Power, and Red Bull. Initial surface roughness (Ra) values were measured utilizing a contact profilometer, while color measurements were recorded with a spectrophotometer. After a 7-day immersion period, both surface roughness and color assessments were repeated. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: No statistically difference in color change (ΔE00) was noted between nanohybrid and microhybrid composites after beverage immersion. Only the Burn group exhibited clinically unacceptable ΔE00 values (ΔE00>1.8). Among all groups, Burn resulted in the most significant discoloration (p < 0.05), though this effect was not statistically distinct from Red Bull in the microhybrid group (p > 0.05). All energy drinks led to increased surface roughness in microhybrid resins while Black Eagle, Burn, and Just Power caused significant roughness increases in the nanohybrid specimens (p < 0.05). The Black Eagle group demonstrated higher roughness values in microhybrid resins than in nanohybrid ones (p < 0.05). Conclusion: All tested energy drinks increased the surface roughness of microhybrid composites, whereas significant changes in nanohybrid composites were limited to specific groups. No significant difference in color change was observed between the two composite types.

Keywords

• Color stability
• Composite resin
• Energy drink
• Microhybrid
• Nanohybrid
• Surface roughness.

References

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