MAXIMUM DYNAMIC TORQUE AND FORCE GENERATED BY PROTAPER GOLD AND PROTAPER ULTIMATE SYSTEMS DURING ROOT CANAL PREPARATION

Year 2025, Volume: 49 Issue: 2, 103 - 109, 28.08.2025

Eda Ezgi Aslantaş , Ahmet Serper

Abstract

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to
determine the maximum dynamic torque and apically directed
force generated during the shaping of simulated curved root
canals using the Protaper Gold (S1, S2, F1, F2, and F3) and
Protaper Ultimate (Slider, Shaper, F1, F2, and F3) systems.
Materials and Methods: A specially designed, computercontrolled
testing platform integrated with an endodontic
motor was used to measure the maximum torque and apical
force transmitted during the shaping of curved resin blocks.
Resin blocks were mounted on the platform and prepared
sequentially using Protaper Gold instruments (S1, S2, F1,
F2, and F3 files). The same procedure was performed with
Protaper Ultimate instruments. The maximum torque and force
values generated during the canal shaping with each file were
recorded. Group differences were evaluated using two-way
ANOVA, and post-hoc Bonferroni tests. The significance level
was set at p≤0.05.
Results: The Protaper Ultimate Shaper file and the Protaper
Gold S1 file had the highest torque values compared with other
files within their respective systems (p≤0.05). Protaper Gold S1,
S2, and F1 files showed higher torque values compared with
their Protaper Ultimate counterparts, whereas the Protaper
Ultimate F2 and F3 files had higher torque values (p≤0.05).
The initial files of both systems (Slider and S1) generated the
lowest forces, while the highest forces were observed with the
F3 files of both systems (p≤0.05). Except for the initial shaping
files, the Protaper Gold files produced higher force values
across the systems.
Conclusion: Protaper Ultimate system showed the lowest
values for both maximum torque and force.

Keywords

Force , Protaper Gold , Protaper Ultimate , Torque

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