Do Sexual Myths Affect Menopause Attitudes and Symptoms?
Year 2023,
, 337 - 342, 15.06.2023
Ebru Cirban Ekrem
,
Sevgi Özsoy
Abstract
Objective: Sexual myths are common in societies because of the lack of formal education about life-long sexuality. While sexual life is affected by many factors, it also affects many areas of life. Attitudes and symptoms experienced during menopause, which is one of the basic life periods of women, are unique and can be affected by many factors. To examine the relationship between sexual myths and menopausal symptoms and attitudes to menopause in postmenopausal women.
Methods: The study had a descriptive analytical design and the study sample included 424 postmenopausal women. Data were gathered with personal characteristics form and the self-report tools Sexual Myths Scale, Menopausal Attitude Assessment Scale and Menopause Rating Scale.
Results: The mean age of the women was 57.12±5.60 years and the mean duration of menopause was 10.58±7.02 years. The mean score on Sexual Myths Scale was 92.28±17.80, the mean score on Menopausal Attitude Assessment Scale was 27.86±8.06 and the mean score on Menopause Rating Scale was 17.11±9.43. There was not a relation between the score on Sexual Myths Scale and the mean score on Menopausal Attitude Assessment Scale (r=-0.067, p=0.168), but there was a significant, positive weak relation between the mean score on Sexual Myths Scale and the mean score on Menopause Rating Scale (r=0.125, p=0.010).
Conclusions: The postmenopausal women had a fairly high level of sexual myths. Sexual myths had a significant, positive relation with menopausal symptoms and their severity, though the relation was weak. Also, sexual myths had no relation with attitudes to menopause.
Supporting Institution
The study was financially supported by Aydın Adnan Menderes University Scientific Research Project Unit (Project number: HF-18002).
Project Number
Project number: HF-18002
Thanks
The researchers thank the participants who agreed to participate in the study.
References
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- Blanc AK, Glazer K, Ofomata Aderemi U, Akinfaderin Agarau F. Myths and misinformation: An analysis of text messages sent to a sexual and reproductive health Q&A service in Nigeria. Stud Fam Plann. 2016;47(1):39-53. DOI:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00046.x
- Yilmaz M, Karatas B. Opinions of student nurses on sexual myths; A phenomenological study. Sex Disabil. 2019;36:277-289. DOI:10.1007/s11195-018-9517-0
- Karasu F, Sohbet R. Opinions of nursing students’ about sexual myths. KASHED. 2019;5(2):29-42.
- Ejder Apay S, Balci Akpinar R, Arslan S. Öğrencilerin cinsel mitlerinin incelenmesi. J Nursology. 2013;16(2):96–102. (Turkish).
- Uyar Ekmen B, Ozkan M, Gul T. İnfertilite tedavisi gören kadınlarda cinsel mitlere inanma düzeyi. J Clin Psy. 2017;20(3):209–217. DOI: 10.5505/kpd.2017.33043 (Turkish).
- Kiray Vural B, Bayik Temel A. Effectiveness of premarital sexual counselling program on sexual satisfaction of recently married couples. Sex Health. 2009;6(3):222-232. DOI:10.1071/SH08065
- Kilci S, Özsoy S. Evlilik hazırlığı yapan çiftlerin cinsel mitlere inanma durumları ve etkileyen faktörler. KASHED. 2019;5(2):1-28. (Turkish).
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- Alwi SS, Brohi I, Awi I. Perception of menopause among women of Sarawak, Malaysia. BMC Women’s Health. 2021;21. DOI:10.1186/s12905-021-01230-7
- Taskiran G, Ozgul S. Individual characteristics associated with menopausal symptom severity and menopause-specific quality of life: a rural perspective. Reprod Sci. 2021;28:2661-2671. DOI:10.1007/s43032-021-00545-y
- Topatan S, Yildiz H. Symptoms experienced by women who enter into natural and surgical menopause and their relation to sexual functions. Health Care for Women Int. 2012;33(6):525-539. DOI:10.1080/07399332.2011.646374
- Zhan L, Ruan X, Cui Y, Gu M, Mueck AO. Menopausal symptoms among Chinese peri- and postmenopausal women: A large prospective single-center cohort study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(2):185-189. DOI:10.1080/09513590.2020.1832070
- Agunbiade OM, Gilbert L. “The night comes early for a women”: Menopause and sexual activities among urban older Yoruba men and women in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Women Aging 2020;32(5):491-516. DOI:10.1080/08952841.2019.1593772
- Ju R, Ruan C, Xu X, Yang Y, Cheng J, Zhang L, Wang B, Qin S, Dou Z, Mueck AO. Sexual dsyfunction in Chinese women at different reproductive stages and the positive effect of hormon replacement therapy in the early postmenopause. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2021;26(3):246-254. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2020.1867843
- Alirezai S, Safaei M, Rajabzadeh S. The relationship between sexual performance and attitude toward menopause in postmenopausal women referred to health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh in 2017. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2020;14(4):510-519. DOI: 10.32598/sija.13.10.270
- Bulbul T, Mucuk S, Dolanbay M, Turhan I. Do complaints related to menopause affect sexuality and marital adjustment?. Sex Relatsh Ther. 2020;1-15. DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2020.1813886
- Masoumi SZ, Alavipour N, Parsa P, Kazemi F. Demographic factors affecting sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. J Educ Community Health. 2022;7(1):5-12. DOI: 10.29252/jech.7.1.5
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [Internet]. Türkiye: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059 (Turkish).
- Sample Size Calculator. Find out sample size. https://www.calculator.net/sample-size-calculator.html
- Golbasi Z, Evcili F, Eroglu K, Bircan H. Sexual myths scale (SMS): Development, validity and reliability in Turkey. Sex Disabil. 2016;34(1):75–87. DOI: 10.1007/s11195-016-9430-3
- Aker S, Sahin MK, Oguz G. Sexual myth beliefs and associated factors in university students. TJFMPC. 2019;13(4):472-480. DOI:10.21763/tjfmpc.653462
- Evcili F, Golbasi Z. Sexual myths and sexual health knowledge levels of Turkish university students. Sex Cult. 2017;21:976-990. DOI:10.1007/s12119-017-9436-8
- Gonenc IM, Alan Dikmen H, Golbasi Z. The effect of whatsapp-based and conventional education methods on sexual myths and sexual health knowledge: A comparative intervention study in midwifery students. Int J Sex Health. 2021;33(3):326-341. DOI:10.1080/19317611.2021.1913688
- Koyuncu T, Unsal A, Arslantas D. Menopoz tutum ve değerlendirme ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması: Eskişehir-Mahmudiye’de, 40-64 yaş grubu kadınlar üzerinde bir çalışma. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2015;14(6):448–449. DOI: 10.5455/pmb.1-1416265840 (Turkish).
- Can Gurkan Ö. Menopoz semptomları değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun güvenirlik ve geçerliliği. Hemşirelik Forumu. 2005;30–35. (Turkish).
- Aygin D, Acil H, Yaman Ö, Celik Yılmaz A. Üniversitede okuyan kadın öğrencilerin cinsel mitler ile ilgili görüşleri. Androl Bul. 2017;19(2):44–49. DOI: 10.24898/tandro.2017.06025 (Turkish).
- Günes M, Akcali H, Dede O, et al. Prematür ejakülasyon olgularında cinsel mitlere inanma düzeyi. Dicle Med J. 2016;43(2):319–328. DOI: 10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.02.0689 (Turkish).
- Karabulutlu O, Yilmaz D. Üniversite öğrencilerinde cinsiyete göre cinsel mitler. STED. 2018;27(3):155–164. (Turkish).
- Yasan A, Gurgen F. Cinsel partneri olan bir hemşire grubu ile hiç partneri olmamış bir hemşire grubunun cinsel bilgi edinme yolları ve cinsel mitlerin yaygınlığının karşılaştırılması. Neuropsychiatr Invest. 2004;42(2):72–76. (Turkish).
- Sasanpour M, Azh N, Alipour M. The effect of a midwife-based group discussion education on sexual dysfunction beliefs in rural postmenopausal women. Int J Womens Health. 2020;12:393-397. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S242621
- Aksu H, Sevinçok L, Kücük M, Oğurlu N. The attitudes of menopausal women and their spouses towards menopause. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2011;38(3):51–55.
- Bart Olofsson AS, Collins A. Psychosocial factors, attitude to menopause and symptoms in Swedish perimenopausal women. Climacteric. 2000;3(1):33–42. DOI: 10.3109/13697130009167597
- Huffman SB, Myers JE, Tingle LR, Bond LA. Menopause symptoms and attitudes of African American women: closing the knowledge gap and expanding opportunities for counseling. J Couns Dev. 2005;83(1):48–56. DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2005.tb00579.x
- Kowalcek I, Rotte D, Banz C, Diedrich K. Women's attitude and perceptions towards menopause in different cultures: cross-cultural and intra-cultural comparison of premenopausal and post-menopausal women in Germany and in Papua New Guinea. Maturitas. 2005;51(3):227-235. DOI: 10.1016 / j.maturitas.2004.07.011
- Ozumba BC, Obi SN, Obikili E, Waboso P. Age, symptoms and perception of menopause among Nigerian women. J Obstet Gynecol Ind. 2004;54(6):575–578.
- Shea JL. Chinese women's symptoms: relation to menopause, age and related attitudes. Climacteric. 2006;9(1):30-39. DOI: 10.1080/13697130500499914
- Tumer A, Kartal A. Kadınların menopoza ilişkin tutumları ile menopozal yakınmaları arasındaki ilişki. Pam Med J. 2018;11(3):337–346. DOI:10.31362/patd.451911 (Turkish).
- Yagmur S, Akturk U. The effects of some characteristics of women and menopause symptoms on menopausal attitude. Med Science. 2021;10(4):1203-1210. DOI: 10.5455/medscience.2021.03.084
- Gumusay M, Erbil N. Kadınların menopoza özgü yaşam kalitesine menopoz tutumunun etkisi. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. 2019;2(2):96-109. (Turkish).
- Tan MN, Kartal M, Guldal D. The effect of physical activity and body mass index on menopausaş symptoms in Turkish women: A cross-sectional study in primary care. BMC Women’s Health. 2014; 14. DOI:10.1186/1472-6874-14-38
- Erbas N, Demirel G. Klimakterik dönemdeki kadınların menopoza ilişkin yakınmalarının ve menopozal tutumlarının cinsel yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2017;(4):220-225. (Turkish).
- Senturk Erenel A, Golbasi Z, Kavlak T, Dilbaz S. Relationship between menopausal symptoms and sexual dysfunction among married Turkish women in 40–65 age group. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015;21:575–583. DOI:10.1111/ijn.12309
- Cagnacci A, Venier M, Xholli A, Paglietti C, Caruso S. Female sexuality and vaginal health across the menopausal age. Menopause. 2020;27(1):14-19. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001427
- Gozuyesil E, Gokyildiz Surucu S, Alan S. Sexual function and quality of life related problems during the menopausal period. J Health Psychol. 2018;23(14):1769-1780. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317742194
Year 2023,
, 337 - 342, 15.06.2023
Ebru Cirban Ekrem
,
Sevgi Özsoy
Project Number
Project number: HF-18002
References
- Unal Toprak F, Turan Z. The effect of sexual health courses on the level of nursing students’ sexual/reproductive health knowledge and sexual myths beliefs in Turkey: A pretest-posttest control group design. PPC. 2020;57(2):667-674. DOI:10.1111/ppc.12593
- Blanc AK, Glazer K, Ofomata Aderemi U, Akinfaderin Agarau F. Myths and misinformation: An analysis of text messages sent to a sexual and reproductive health Q&A service in Nigeria. Stud Fam Plann. 2016;47(1):39-53. DOI:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00046.x
- Yilmaz M, Karatas B. Opinions of student nurses on sexual myths; A phenomenological study. Sex Disabil. 2019;36:277-289. DOI:10.1007/s11195-018-9517-0
- Karasu F, Sohbet R. Opinions of nursing students’ about sexual myths. KASHED. 2019;5(2):29-42.
- Ejder Apay S, Balci Akpinar R, Arslan S. Öğrencilerin cinsel mitlerinin incelenmesi. J Nursology. 2013;16(2):96–102. (Turkish).
- Uyar Ekmen B, Ozkan M, Gul T. İnfertilite tedavisi gören kadınlarda cinsel mitlere inanma düzeyi. J Clin Psy. 2017;20(3):209–217. DOI: 10.5505/kpd.2017.33043 (Turkish).
- Kiray Vural B, Bayik Temel A. Effectiveness of premarital sexual counselling program on sexual satisfaction of recently married couples. Sex Health. 2009;6(3):222-232. DOI:10.1071/SH08065
- Kilci S, Özsoy S. Evlilik hazırlığı yapan çiftlerin cinsel mitlere inanma durumları ve etkileyen faktörler. KASHED. 2019;5(2):1-28. (Turkish).
- Alshogran OY, Mahmoud FM, Alkhatatbeh MJ. Knowledge and awareness toward menopause and hormone therapy among premenopausal women in Jordan. Climacteric. 2021;24(2):171-178. DOI:10.1080/13697137.2020.1813099
- Alwi SS, Brohi I, Awi I. Perception of menopause among women of Sarawak, Malaysia. BMC Women’s Health. 2021;21. DOI:10.1186/s12905-021-01230-7
- Taskiran G, Ozgul S. Individual characteristics associated with menopausal symptom severity and menopause-specific quality of life: a rural perspective. Reprod Sci. 2021;28:2661-2671. DOI:10.1007/s43032-021-00545-y
- Topatan S, Yildiz H. Symptoms experienced by women who enter into natural and surgical menopause and their relation to sexual functions. Health Care for Women Int. 2012;33(6):525-539. DOI:10.1080/07399332.2011.646374
- Zhan L, Ruan X, Cui Y, Gu M, Mueck AO. Menopausal symptoms among Chinese peri- and postmenopausal women: A large prospective single-center cohort study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(2):185-189. DOI:10.1080/09513590.2020.1832070
- Agunbiade OM, Gilbert L. “The night comes early for a women”: Menopause and sexual activities among urban older Yoruba men and women in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Women Aging 2020;32(5):491-516. DOI:10.1080/08952841.2019.1593772
- Ju R, Ruan C, Xu X, Yang Y, Cheng J, Zhang L, Wang B, Qin S, Dou Z, Mueck AO. Sexual dsyfunction in Chinese women at different reproductive stages and the positive effect of hormon replacement therapy in the early postmenopause. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2021;26(3):246-254. DOI:10.1080/13625187.2020.1867843
- Alirezai S, Safaei M, Rajabzadeh S. The relationship between sexual performance and attitude toward menopause in postmenopausal women referred to health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh in 2017. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2020;14(4):510-519. DOI: 10.32598/sija.13.10.270
- Bulbul T, Mucuk S, Dolanbay M, Turhan I. Do complaints related to menopause affect sexuality and marital adjustment?. Sex Relatsh Ther. 2020;1-15. DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2020.1813886
- Masoumi SZ, Alavipour N, Parsa P, Kazemi F. Demographic factors affecting sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. J Educ Community Health. 2022;7(1):5-12. DOI: 10.29252/jech.7.1.5
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [Internet]. Türkiye: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1059 (Turkish).
- Sample Size Calculator. Find out sample size. https://www.calculator.net/sample-size-calculator.html
- Golbasi Z, Evcili F, Eroglu K, Bircan H. Sexual myths scale (SMS): Development, validity and reliability in Turkey. Sex Disabil. 2016;34(1):75–87. DOI: 10.1007/s11195-016-9430-3
- Aker S, Sahin MK, Oguz G. Sexual myth beliefs and associated factors in university students. TJFMPC. 2019;13(4):472-480. DOI:10.21763/tjfmpc.653462
- Evcili F, Golbasi Z. Sexual myths and sexual health knowledge levels of Turkish university students. Sex Cult. 2017;21:976-990. DOI:10.1007/s12119-017-9436-8
- Gonenc IM, Alan Dikmen H, Golbasi Z. The effect of whatsapp-based and conventional education methods on sexual myths and sexual health knowledge: A comparative intervention study in midwifery students. Int J Sex Health. 2021;33(3):326-341. DOI:10.1080/19317611.2021.1913688
- Koyuncu T, Unsal A, Arslantas D. Menopoz tutum ve değerlendirme ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması: Eskişehir-Mahmudiye’de, 40-64 yaş grubu kadınlar üzerinde bir çalışma. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2015;14(6):448–449. DOI: 10.5455/pmb.1-1416265840 (Turkish).
- Can Gurkan Ö. Menopoz semptomları değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun güvenirlik ve geçerliliği. Hemşirelik Forumu. 2005;30–35. (Turkish).
- Aygin D, Acil H, Yaman Ö, Celik Yılmaz A. Üniversitede okuyan kadın öğrencilerin cinsel mitler ile ilgili görüşleri. Androl Bul. 2017;19(2):44–49. DOI: 10.24898/tandro.2017.06025 (Turkish).
- Günes M, Akcali H, Dede O, et al. Prematür ejakülasyon olgularında cinsel mitlere inanma düzeyi. Dicle Med J. 2016;43(2):319–328. DOI: 10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.02.0689 (Turkish).
- Karabulutlu O, Yilmaz D. Üniversite öğrencilerinde cinsiyete göre cinsel mitler. STED. 2018;27(3):155–164. (Turkish).
- Yasan A, Gurgen F. Cinsel partneri olan bir hemşire grubu ile hiç partneri olmamış bir hemşire grubunun cinsel bilgi edinme yolları ve cinsel mitlerin yaygınlığının karşılaştırılması. Neuropsychiatr Invest. 2004;42(2):72–76. (Turkish).
- Sasanpour M, Azh N, Alipour M. The effect of a midwife-based group discussion education on sexual dysfunction beliefs in rural postmenopausal women. Int J Womens Health. 2020;12:393-397. DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S242621
- Aksu H, Sevinçok L, Kücük M, Oğurlu N. The attitudes of menopausal women and their spouses towards menopause. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2011;38(3):51–55.
- Bart Olofsson AS, Collins A. Psychosocial factors, attitude to menopause and symptoms in Swedish perimenopausal women. Climacteric. 2000;3(1):33–42. DOI: 10.3109/13697130009167597
- Huffman SB, Myers JE, Tingle LR, Bond LA. Menopause symptoms and attitudes of African American women: closing the knowledge gap and expanding opportunities for counseling. J Couns Dev. 2005;83(1):48–56. DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2005.tb00579.x
- Kowalcek I, Rotte D, Banz C, Diedrich K. Women's attitude and perceptions towards menopause in different cultures: cross-cultural and intra-cultural comparison of premenopausal and post-menopausal women in Germany and in Papua New Guinea. Maturitas. 2005;51(3):227-235. DOI: 10.1016 / j.maturitas.2004.07.011
- Ozumba BC, Obi SN, Obikili E, Waboso P. Age, symptoms and perception of menopause among Nigerian women. J Obstet Gynecol Ind. 2004;54(6):575–578.
- Shea JL. Chinese women's symptoms: relation to menopause, age and related attitudes. Climacteric. 2006;9(1):30-39. DOI: 10.1080/13697130500499914
- Tumer A, Kartal A. Kadınların menopoza ilişkin tutumları ile menopozal yakınmaları arasındaki ilişki. Pam Med J. 2018;11(3):337–346. DOI:10.31362/patd.451911 (Turkish).
- Yagmur S, Akturk U. The effects of some characteristics of women and menopause symptoms on menopausal attitude. Med Science. 2021;10(4):1203-1210. DOI: 10.5455/medscience.2021.03.084
- Gumusay M, Erbil N. Kadınların menopoza özgü yaşam kalitesine menopoz tutumunun etkisi. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. 2019;2(2):96-109. (Turkish).
- Tan MN, Kartal M, Guldal D. The effect of physical activity and body mass index on menopausaş symptoms in Turkish women: A cross-sectional study in primary care. BMC Women’s Health. 2014; 14. DOI:10.1186/1472-6874-14-38
- Erbas N, Demirel G. Klimakterik dönemdeki kadınların menopoza ilişkin yakınmalarının ve menopozal tutumlarının cinsel yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2017;(4):220-225. (Turkish).
- Senturk Erenel A, Golbasi Z, Kavlak T, Dilbaz S. Relationship between menopausal symptoms and sexual dysfunction among married Turkish women in 40–65 age group. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015;21:575–583. DOI:10.1111/ijn.12309
- Cagnacci A, Venier M, Xholli A, Paglietti C, Caruso S. Female sexuality and vaginal health across the menopausal age. Menopause. 2020;27(1):14-19. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001427
- Gozuyesil E, Gokyildiz Surucu S, Alan S. Sexual function and quality of life related problems during the menopausal period. J Health Psychol. 2018;23(14):1769-1780. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317742194