Relationship between cognitive functioning impairment and nutrition in obesity: Current Perspective

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 241 - 247, 03.05.2015

Sedanur Macit , Makbule Gezmen Karadağ

Abstract

Obesity is one of the serious public health problems and its prevalence has been increasing in recent years. As well as causing health problems, obesity is associated with cognitive function impairment, especially with reduced language, motor capacity skills, and attention named as executive functions. Obesity is also related to decrease in brain volume, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, sociopathic, aggressive personality traits, anxiety, and major depressive disorder. There are several mechanisms; increased vascular damage, blood pressure, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, tumor necrosis factor, serum amyloid A levels explaining the relationship between obesity and cognitive functioning. Obesity generates fluctuations in levels of insulin, leptin and metabolites. These fluctuations may affect cognitive capacity by causing atrophic changes in the brain. FTO gene is also being studied to explain the relationship between obesity and cognitive function. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are disorders commonly associated with obesity. Besides these disorders, some studies reported associations between decreases in brain volume and IQ levels and obesity. To investigate the underlying mechanisms between these two matters, more longitudinal studies are needed. In this review, we aimed to study the relationship between obesity and cognitive functioning.

Keywords

Brain, cognitive functioning, IQ, obesity

Obezitede bilişsel fonksiyon bozukluğu ve beslenme ilişkisi: Güncel bakış

Abstract

Obezite son yıllarda artan prevelansı ile ciddi halk sağlığı sorunlarından biridir. Sebep olduğu sağlık problemlerinin yanı sıra bilişsel fonksiyonla da yakından ilişkilidir. Azalmış bilişsel ve özellikle dil, motor kapasite, dikkat gibi yetenekleri kapsayan yönetimsel fonksiyon ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Ayrıca beyin volümünde azalma, demans, Alzheimer, sosyopati, agresif kişilik özellikleri, anksiyete, major depresif bozukluk, depresyon gibi psikolojik bozukluklarla da etkileşimi bulunabilir. Obezite ve bilişsel fonksiyonu ilişkilendiren, obezite ile birlikte artmış vasküler hasar, kan basıncı, C-reaktif protein (CRP), kortizol, tümör nekroz faktörü, serum amiloid A seviyeleri, insülin, leptin ve metabolit seviyelerinde bozukluklar benzeri çeşitli mekanizmalar mevcuttur. Obezite insülin, leptin ve metabolit seviyelerinde bozukluklara neden olmaktadır. Bu bozukluklar beyinde atrofik değişikliklere neden olarak bilişsel performansı etkilemektedir. Son yıllarda üzerinde çalışılan FTO geni de obezite-bilişsel gelişim ilişkisini açıklamada değinilen konulardandır. Alzheimer, parkinson, şizofreni, bipolar bozukluk ve azalmış beyin volümünün neden olduğu düşük IQ, obezitenin en fazla ilişkilendirildiği hastalıklardandır. Bu ilişkinin altında yatan mekanizmaların açıklanması için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada literatür taraması ile obezite ve bilişsel gelişim ilişkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Beyin, bilişsel fonksiyon, IQ, obezite

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