Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu: Apoptozun Önemi

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 166 - 172, 15.12.2016

Aslı Aykaç , Hülya Cabadak

Abstract

Programlanmış hücre ölümü olan apoptoz birçok fizyolojik süreçte aktif rol oynamaktadır. Apoptozun, büyüme faktörlerinin eksikliği, DNA hasarı ve birden fazla faktörü içeren çeşitli hücresel stresle aktive olan ‘hücre içi’ ve ölüm reseptörlerine ligandın bağlanmasıyla kaspazların aktive olduğu ‘hücre dışı’ olmak üzere iki yolağı vardır. Apoptotik hücre sayısı ile organizmanın sağlıklı olup olmadığı belirlenir. Apoptoz oranının azalması hücre sayısını arttırırken, apoptoz oranının artması hücre sayısını azaltarak dokularda tahribata neden olmaktadır. Apoptotik sinyallemede düzensizlik çeşitli hastalıklarda/bozukluklarda primer ya da sekonder rol oynamaktadır. Son yıllarda apoptozun nörodejeneratif hastalıklarla ilgili çalışmaları ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Apoptotik sinyal yolaklarının daha iyi tanımlanması, pro- ve anti-apoptotik genlerin belirlenmesiyle, çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu gibi nörodejeneratif bozukluklarda beyindeki yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişiklikler mitokondriyal stres ile ilişkilidir. Fizyolojik koşullarda hayati öneme sahip olan apoptoz, patolojik koşullarda mekanizmanın tetiklenmesine ve kontrolsüz hücre çoğalmasına yol açmaktadır. Hücre ölümünü engelleyen terapötik ilaçların geliştirilmesiyle apoptoz aracılı nörodejenaratif bozuklukların tedavisine yeni umutlar oluşacaktır.

Keywords

Stres, mitokondri, B hücreli lenfoma -2 (Bcl-2), hücre ölümü

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Importance of Apoptosis

Abstract

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which actively occurs in many physiological processes. It can be triggered in two ways: (i) defects in growth factor, DNA damage, and other many factors that can cause cellular stress, which is an intracellular pathway, and (ii) ligand binding to death receptors and activation of caspases. The apoptotic cell count can be determined by the health of the whole organism. A higher apoptotic ratio can indicate a decrease in the number of cells and tissue damage, while a lower apoptotic ratio can indicate an increase in the number of cells. Irregularity in apoptotic signals can play primary or secondary roles in various diseases/disorders. Research on apoptosis depends on neurodegeneration has been initiated in the past few years. Definition of apoptotic signal pathways and apoptotic regulation and determination of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes are the main topics that have accelerated research on apoptosis. Neurodegenerative disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder neuronal damage associated with changes in brain structure and function may be related to the mitochondrial stresses. In physiological conditions, apoptosis is crucial for the organism, while in pathological conditions, apoptosis can cause uncontrolled cell division. Development of therapeutic medicine that inhibits the cell death may be the new choice of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases/disorders.

Keywords

Stress, mitochondria, B-cell lymphoma -2 (Bcl-2), cell death

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