Preterm Bebeklerde Oral Beslenmeyi Destekleyici Kanıta Dayalı Girişimler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 171 - 174, 15.12.2017

Duygu Gözen Burcu Aykanat Girgin

Öz

Preterm bebeklerin oral beslenmesi, oral-motor, nörolojik, kardiyorespiratuar ve gastrointestinal sistemlerin etkileşiminden oluşan, karmaşık ve dinamik bir süreçtir. Preterm bebeklerin oral beslenmesi sırasında fizyolojik yönden stabil olmasını sağlayan bu sistemlerin birbirleri ile olan etkileşimleri bebeğin “bireysel organizasyonu” olarak adlandırılır. Bireysel organizasyon sağlanamadığında, beslenme ve solunumun koordinasyonu bozulur, solunumun olumsuz etkilenmesi bebeğin fizyolojik değerlerinde de değişim ve düzensizliğe neden olur. Bu duruma bağlı olarak beslenme sırasında bebekte erken dönemde fizyolojik stres ve yorgunluk belirtileri ortaya çıkar. Bebeğin beslenme yeteneğinin yetersiz olması hastaneden taburculuğu geciktirmekte, bu durum bebeğin yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinin olumsuz çevresel koşullarından etkilenmesi ve enfeksiyon etkenlerine daha fazla maruz kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca yetersiz beslenme bebeğin uzun vadede büyüme ve gelişmesinin gecikmesine neden olmaktadır. Preterm bebeklerin beslenme problemleri göz önünde bulundurularak başarılı ve güvenli bir oral beslenme deneyiminin oluşmasını sağlamak amacı ile yenidoğan hemşiresi bakımında terapötik girişimlere yer vermelidir. Bu derlemede preterm bebeklerde oral beslenmeyi destekleyici kanıta dayalı girişimler literatür bilgileri ışığında tartışılacaktır.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kanıta dayalı, oral beslenme, preterm bebek

Evidence-Based Interventions Supporting Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants

Öz

The oral feeding of preterm infants is a complicated and dynamic process involving interactions of the oral motor, neurological, cardiorespiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. Interactions of these systems, which allow preterm infants to become physiologically stable during oral feeding, are called as “self-organization” of infants. When self-organization could not be ensured, feeding and respiratory coordination is disrupted and the negatively affected respiration also causes change and irregularity in physiological values of infants. Based on this situation, infants have physiological stress and fatigue symptoms in the early period during feeding. The insufficient feeding ability of infants delays their discharge from hospital, and this causes infants to be influenced by the negative environmental conditions of neonatal intensive care units and be more exposed to infectious agents. Insufficient feeding also results in delayed growth and development of infants in the long term. Neonatal nurses should involve therapeutic interventions in infant care to establish a successful and safe oral feeding experience by considering feeding problems of preterm infants. In this review, evidence-based interventions supporting oral feeding in preterm infants will be discussed in light of the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evidence-based intervention, oral feeding, preterm infant

Kaynakça

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