Frequency and Related Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Elders Who Live in a Residential Home in Istanbul

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 112 - 116, 30.06.2019

Seyma Gorcin Karaketir , Seyhan Hidiroglu Cemal Sali Gul Cavusoglu Elif Sasi N. Emel Luleci Melda Karavus

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.564163

Abstract

Objective:The elderly population, defined as ≥65 years old, is increasing with time in society. Depressive symptoms in old age lead to worsening of physical and cognitive abilities. This study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in elderly people living in a residential home in Istanbul and factors affecting this indication.

Methods:The study was conducted in a descriptive and cross-sectional manner. The questionnaire, which included sociodemographic questions and inquiries on factors affecting depression, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-15 (GDS-15), and Mini-Mental test, was administered to 77 elderly people.

Results:Twenty-nine of the participants were females and 48 were males, with a mean age of 75.9 ± 8.2 years. The mean GDS-15 score of the elderly was 4.04 ± 3.42. Concerns regarding leaving the residential home, low telephone call frequency, persistent physical illness, and inability to complete self-care activities were significantly associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:Depressive symptoms are common in the elderly living in residential homes. This occurrence is closely related to social support and health status. Further studies are warranted to determine if factors associated with such symptoms are risk factors for depression.

Keywords

Social Support , Depression , Self Care , Health Status

References

• 1. Kontis V, Bennett JE, Mathers CD, Li G, Foreman K, Ezzati M. Future life expectancy in 35 industrialised countries: projections with a Bayesian model ensemble, April 2017. The Lancet. 2017; 389(10076):1323-1335.
• 2. Turkish Statistical Institute. Addressed based population recording system, 2016. [Internet] Available from: URL: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24638. Accessed 19.08.2017. 2016.
• 3. Kok RM, Heeren TJ, Nolen WA. Continuing treatment of depression in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials with antidepressants. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):249-255.
• 4. Bagley H, Cordingley L, Burns A, Mozley CG, Sutcliffe C, Challis D, Huxley P. Recognition of depression by staff in nursing and residential homesi, December 2001. J Clin Nurs. 2000;9(3):445-450.
• 5. Demet MM, Taşkin EO, Deniz F, Karaca N, Icelli I. Depressive symptomatology among elderly residential home residents in Manisa: Prevalence and related risk factors. Turkish journal of psychiatry. 2002;13(4):290-299.
• 6. Leon FG, Ashton AK, D'Mello DA, Dantz B, Hefner J, Matson GA, Montano B, Pradko JF, Sussman N, Winsberg B. Depression and comorbid medical illness: therapeutic and diagnostic challenges. J Fam Pract. 2003;Suppl:19-33.
• 7. Ryden MB, Gross CR, Savik K, Snyder M, Lee Oh H, Jang YP, Wang JJ, Krichbaum KE. Development of a measure of resident satisfaction with the nursing home. Res Nurs Health. 2000;23(3):237-245.
• 8. Zunzunegui MV, Beland F, Otero A. Support from children, living arrangements, self-rated health and depressive symptoms of older people in Spain. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(5):1090-1099.
• 9. Sütoluk Z, Demirhindi H, Savaş N, Akbaba M. Prevalence and causes of depression among elders who live in residential homes in Adana. Türk Geriatri Dergisi. 2004;7(3):148-151.
• 10. Kavakcı Ö, Bilici M, Çam G, Ülgen M. Prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment in old age in Trabzon. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;12(4):258-265.
• 11. Hagerty BM, Williams A. The effects of sense of belonging, social support, conflict, and loneliness on depression. Nursing research. 1999;48(4):215-219.
• 12. Ertan T, Bugay G, Eker E. Validity and reliability of short versions of Geriatric Depression Scale in Turkish elderly population: GDS-15, GDS-10, GDS-4. In: İlkay E, Kulaksızoğlu IB, Sivrioğlu Y, Tezcan V, Yazgan Ç, editors. Poster session presented at: Excellence in clinical practice, 5th National Geropsychiatry Symposium; 2004 Jun 10-12; Istanbul, Turkey. (in Turkish).
• 13. Tufan A, Bahat G, Karan M. The Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Risk Factors among Older Adults Admitted to the Geriatrics Outpatient Clinic: A Natural Result of Normal Aging or Not. J Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2016;5(338):2.
• 14. Şahin EM, Yalçın M. Comparing the incidences of depression at the elderly living in nursing home or at their own homes. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2003;6(1):10-13.
• 15. Kalaça S. Mental Health Problems – Brief PHQ-r (KıSA) Survey, In:Ünal B, Ergör G, Horasan GD, Kalaça S, Sözmen K, editors. Chronic Diseases And Risk Factors Survey. Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health; 2013.p.235.
• 16. NIH consensus conference. Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life. Jama. 1992;268(8):1018-1024. 17. Harris T, Cook DG, Victor C, Rink E, Mann AH, Shah S, et al. Predictors of depressive symptoms in older people-a survey of two general practice populations. Age Ageing. 2003;32(5):510-518.
• 18. Bekaroglu M, Uluutku N, Tanriover S, Kirpinar I. Depression in an elderly population in Turkey. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991;84(2):174-8.
• 19. Linden M, Borchelt M, Barnow S, Geiselmann B. The impact of somatic morbidity on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in the very old. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995;92(2):150-154.
• 20. Osborn DP, Fletcher AE, Smeeth L, Stirling S, Bulpitt CJ, Breeze E, et al. Factors associated with depression in a representative sample of 14 217 people aged 75 and over in the United Kingdom: results from the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;18(7):623-630.