Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 620 - 629, 26.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212

Abstract

References

  • Barak M, Bahouth H, Leiser Y, Abu El-Naaj I. Airway Management of the Patient with Maxillofacial Trauma: Review of the Literature and Suggested Clinical Approach [Internet]. Vol. 2015, BioMed Research International. Hindawi Publishing Corporation; 2015 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4486512/?report=abstract
  • Hutchison I, Lawlor M, Skinner D. ABC of major trauma. Major maxillofacial injuries. BMJ [Internet]. 1990 Sep 22 [cited 2021 Feb 6];301(6752):595–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1663741/
  • ATLS : advanced trauma life support for doctors : student course manual (Book, 2008) [WorldCat.org] [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.worldcat.org/title/atls-advanced-trauma-life-support-for-doctors-student-course-manual/oclc/804477409
  • Walls RM. Management of the difficult airway in the trauma patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am [Internet]. 1998 Feb 1 [cited 2021 Feb 6];16(1):45–61. Available from: http://www.emed.theclinics.com/article/S0733862705703485/fulltext
  • Garcia A. Critical Care Issues in the Early Management of Severe Trauma [Internet]. Vol. 86, Surgical Clinics of North America. NIH Public Access; 2006 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 1359–87. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413270/
  • Gruen RL, Jurkovich GJ, McIntyre LK, Foy HM, Maier R V. Patterns of errors contributing to trauma mortality: Lessons learned from 2594 deaths. Vol. 244, Annals of Surgery. 2006. p. 371–8.
  • Mort TC. Complications of emergency tracheal intubation: Immediate airway-related consequences: Part II [Internet]. Vol. 22, Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. J Intensive Care Med; 2007 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 208–15. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17712056/
  • Mechlin MW, Hurford WE. Emergency tracheal intubation: Techniques and outcomes. In: Respiratory Care. American Association for Respiratory Care; 2014. p. 881–94.
  • Boylan JF, Kavanagh BP. Emergency airway management: Competence versus expertise? Anesthesiology. 2008;109(6):945–7.
  • Walls RM, Brown CA, Bair AE, Pallin DJ. Emergency airway management: A multi-center report of 8937 Emergency Department intubations. J Emerg Med. 2011 Oct;41(4):347–54.
  • Gupta B, Mathur P, Prasad A, Ramchandani S, Singhal M. Facing the airway challenges in maxillofacial trauma: A retrospective review of 288 cases at a level i trauma center. Anesth Essays Res [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2021 Feb 7];0(0):0. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25886420/
  • Perry M, Dancey A, Mireskandari K, Oakley P, Davies S, Cameron M. Emergency care in facial trauma - A maxillofacial and ophthalmic perspective [Internet]. Vol. 36, Injury. Injury; 2005 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 875–96. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16023907/
  • Perry M, Morris C. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and facial trauma: can one size fit all?. Part 2: ATLS, maxillofacial injuries and airway management dilemmas [Internet]. Vol. 37, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg; 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 309–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18207702/
  • SELLICK BA. Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia. Lancet (London, England) [Internet]. 1961 Aug 19 [cited 2020 Jan 9];2(7199):404–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13749923
  • Haslam N, Parker L, Duggan JE. Effect of cricoid pressure on the view at laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia [Internet]. 2005 Jan [cited 2021 Feb 6];60(1):41–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15601271/
  • Bhatia N, Bhagat H, Sen I. Cricoid pressure: Where do we stand? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2014 Jan [cited 2021 Feb 6];30(1):3–6. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3927288/?report=abstract
  • Beckers SK, Brokmann JC, Rossaint R. Airway and ventilator management in trauma patients [Internet]. Vol. 20, Current Opinion in Critical Care. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2014 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 626–31. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25314240/
  • Beirne JC, Butler PE, Brady FA. Cervical spine injuries in patients with facial fractures: a 1-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2021 Feb 7];24(1 PART 1):26–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7782637/
  • Lynham AJ, Hirst JP, Cosson JA, Chapman PJ, McEniery P. Emergency department management of maxillofacial trauma [Internet]. Vol. 16, EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia. Blackwell Publishing; 2004 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 7–12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15239748/
  • Jamal BT, Diecidue R, Qutub A, Cohen M. The Pattern of Combined Maxillofacial and Cervical Spine Fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2009 Mar [cited 2021 Feb 6];67(3):559–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19231780/
  • Robitaille A, Williams SR, Tremblay MH, Guilbert F, Thériault M, Drolet P. Cervical spine motion during tracheal intubation with manual in-line stabilization: Direct laryngoscopy versus GlideScope® videolaryngoscopy. Anesth Analg. 2008;106(3):935–41.
  • Kill C, Risse J, Wallot P, Seidl P, Steinfeldt T, Wulf H. Videolaryngoscopy with Glidescope Reduces Cervical Spine Movement in Patients with Unsecured Cervical Spine. J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2013 Apr 22 [cited 2021 Feb 6];44(4):750–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0736467912013340
  • Harris T, Rice S, Watts B, Davies G. The emergency control of traumatic maxillofacial haemorrhage. Eur J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2010 Aug [cited 2020 Jan 9];17(4):230–3. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603900
  • Khanna S, Dagum AB. A critical review of the literature and an evidence-based approach for life-threatening hemorrhage in Maxillofacial Surgery. In: Annals of Plastic Surgery [Internet]. Ann Plast Surg; 2012 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 474–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22964670/
  • Liu WH, Chen YH, Hsieh CT, Lin EY, Chung TT, Ju DT. Transarterial embolization in the management of life-threatening hemorrhage after maxillofacial trauma: a case report and review of literature. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(4):516.e3-516.e5.
  • Cogbill TH, Cothren CC, Ahearn MK, Cullinane DC, Kaups KL, Scalea TM, et al. Management of maxillofacial injuries with severe oronasal hemorrhage: A multicenter perspective. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care [Internet]. 2008 Nov [cited 2021 Feb 7];65(5):994–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19001963/
  • Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Caplan RA, Connis RT, Nickinovich DG, Benumof JL, et al. Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway [Internet]. Vol. 118, Anesthesiology. Anesthesiology; 2013 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 251–70. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23364566/
  • Aziz MF, Healy D, Kheterpal S, Fu RF, Dillman D, Brambrink AM. Routine clinical practice effectiveness of the glidescope in difficult airway management: An analysis of 2,004 glidescope intubations, complications, and failures from two institutions. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2021 Feb 7];114(1):34–41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21150569/
  • Goliasch G, Ruetzler A, Fischer H, Frass M, Sessler DI, Ruetzler K. Evaluation of advanced airway management in absolutely inexperienced hands: A randomized manikin trial. Eur J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2013 Oct [cited 2021 Feb 7];20(5):310–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22914115/
  • Ruetzler K, Roessler B, Potura L, Priemayr A, Robak O, Schuster E, et al. Performance and skill retention of intubation by paramedics using seven different airway devices-A manikin study. Resuscitation [Internet]. 2011 May [cited 2021 Feb 7];82(5):593–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21353364/
  • Grier G, Bredmose P, Davies G, Lockey D. Introduction and use of the ProSealTM laryngeal mask airway as a rescue device in a pre-hospital trauma anaesthesia algorithm. Resuscitation [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2021 Feb 7];80(1):138–41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19013707/
  • Vézina MC, Trépanier CA, Nicole PC, Lessard MR. Complications associated with the Esophageal-Tracheal Combitude® in the pre-hospital setting. Can J Anesth [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2021 Feb 7];54(2):124–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17272251/
  • Kearney PA, Griffen MM, Ochoa JB, Boulanger BR, Tseui BJ, Mentzer RM. A single-center 8-year experience with percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2000 May [cited 2021 Feb 7];231(5):701–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767791/
  • Altman KW, Waltonen JD, Kern RC. Urgent surgical airway intervention: A 3 year county hospital experience. Laryngoscope [Internet]. 2005 Dec [cited 2021 Feb 7];115(12):2101–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16369150/
  • Yuen HW, Loy AHC, Johari S. Urgent awake tracheotomy for impending airway obstruction. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg [Internet]. 2007 May [cited 2021 Feb 7];136(5):838–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17478226/
  • Gupta P, Modrykamien A. Fatal case of tension pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema after open surgical tracheostomy. J Intensive Care Med [Internet]. 2014 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Feb 7];29(5):298–301. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23753246/
  • Greenland KB, Acott C, Segal R, Goulding G, Riley RH, Merry AF. Emergency surgical airway in life-threatening acute airway emergencies - Why are we so reluctant to do it? [Internet]. Vol. 39, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Australian Society of Anaesthetists; 2011 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 578–84. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21823373/
  • Cooper S. “We need to cut the neck!”: Confronting psychological and moral distress during emergency cricothyrotomy. Narrat Inq Bioeth [Internet]. 2013 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Feb 7];3(2):E5–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24407097/
  • Hall CEJ, Shutt LE. Nasotracheal intubation for head and neck surgery [Internet]. Vol. 58, Anaesthesia. Anaesthesia; 2003 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 249–56. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603455/
  • Muzzi DA, Losasso TJ, Cucchiara RF. Complication from a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with a basilar skull fracture. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 1991 [cited 2021 Feb 7];74(2):366–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1990912/
  • Robertson CG, Doucet JC. Helping anesthesiologists understand facial fractures [Internet]. Vol. 25, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am; 2013 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 561–72. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24021626/
  • Peterson GN, Domino KB, Caplan RA, Posner KL, Lee LA, Cheney FW. Management of the difficult airway: A closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2021 Feb 7];103(1):33–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15983454/

KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 620 - 629, 26.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212

Abstract

Objective
Airway management in maxillofacial injuries is quite complex and involves many difficulties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge level of medical faculty students about airway management in maxillofacial injuries.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on fifth and sixth-grade students of the Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. After the literature review, a questionnaire was prepared to measure the knowledge level of the students about airway management in maxillofacial trauma. Two hundred eighty students participated in the study.
Results
Thirty percent of the students stated that they performed laryngeal mask airway (LMA), 61.11% orotracheal intubation, and 17.77% nasoendotracheal intubation. Thirty four point forty four percent of the students stated that they did not do any of these applications. Only 52.2% of the students stated that they used a traditional laryngoscope with Macintosh blades. While 81.1% of the students stated that they did not intubate at all in a patient with maxillofacial trauma, and 74.4% thought that a patient with maxillofacial trauma did not have the education and skills to perform intubation comfortably.
Conclusion
Results of the study reveal that students' knowledge and experience in airway management in emergencies such as maxillofacial trauma were insufficient. This deficiency was especially about the tools and methods used to provide airway patency.
Keywords
Maxillofacial trauma, airway management, emergency aid, medical students.

References

  • Barak M, Bahouth H, Leiser Y, Abu El-Naaj I. Airway Management of the Patient with Maxillofacial Trauma: Review of the Literature and Suggested Clinical Approach [Internet]. Vol. 2015, BioMed Research International. Hindawi Publishing Corporation; 2015 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4486512/?report=abstract
  • Hutchison I, Lawlor M, Skinner D. ABC of major trauma. Major maxillofacial injuries. BMJ [Internet]. 1990 Sep 22 [cited 2021 Feb 6];301(6752):595–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1663741/
  • ATLS : advanced trauma life support for doctors : student course manual (Book, 2008) [WorldCat.org] [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.worldcat.org/title/atls-advanced-trauma-life-support-for-doctors-student-course-manual/oclc/804477409
  • Walls RM. Management of the difficult airway in the trauma patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am [Internet]. 1998 Feb 1 [cited 2021 Feb 6];16(1):45–61. Available from: http://www.emed.theclinics.com/article/S0733862705703485/fulltext
  • Garcia A. Critical Care Issues in the Early Management of Severe Trauma [Internet]. Vol. 86, Surgical Clinics of North America. NIH Public Access; 2006 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 1359–87. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413270/
  • Gruen RL, Jurkovich GJ, McIntyre LK, Foy HM, Maier R V. Patterns of errors contributing to trauma mortality: Lessons learned from 2594 deaths. Vol. 244, Annals of Surgery. 2006. p. 371–8.
  • Mort TC. Complications of emergency tracheal intubation: Immediate airway-related consequences: Part II [Internet]. Vol. 22, Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. J Intensive Care Med; 2007 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 208–15. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17712056/
  • Mechlin MW, Hurford WE. Emergency tracheal intubation: Techniques and outcomes. In: Respiratory Care. American Association for Respiratory Care; 2014. p. 881–94.
  • Boylan JF, Kavanagh BP. Emergency airway management: Competence versus expertise? Anesthesiology. 2008;109(6):945–7.
  • Walls RM, Brown CA, Bair AE, Pallin DJ. Emergency airway management: A multi-center report of 8937 Emergency Department intubations. J Emerg Med. 2011 Oct;41(4):347–54.
  • Gupta B, Mathur P, Prasad A, Ramchandani S, Singhal M. Facing the airway challenges in maxillofacial trauma: A retrospective review of 288 cases at a level i trauma center. Anesth Essays Res [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2021 Feb 7];0(0):0. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25886420/
  • Perry M, Dancey A, Mireskandari K, Oakley P, Davies S, Cameron M. Emergency care in facial trauma - A maxillofacial and ophthalmic perspective [Internet]. Vol. 36, Injury. Injury; 2005 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 875–96. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16023907/
  • Perry M, Morris C. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and facial trauma: can one size fit all?. Part 2: ATLS, maxillofacial injuries and airway management dilemmas [Internet]. Vol. 37, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg; 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 309–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18207702/
  • SELLICK BA. Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia. Lancet (London, England) [Internet]. 1961 Aug 19 [cited 2020 Jan 9];2(7199):404–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13749923
  • Haslam N, Parker L, Duggan JE. Effect of cricoid pressure on the view at laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia [Internet]. 2005 Jan [cited 2021 Feb 6];60(1):41–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15601271/
  • Bhatia N, Bhagat H, Sen I. Cricoid pressure: Where do we stand? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2014 Jan [cited 2021 Feb 6];30(1):3–6. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3927288/?report=abstract
  • Beckers SK, Brokmann JC, Rossaint R. Airway and ventilator management in trauma patients [Internet]. Vol. 20, Current Opinion in Critical Care. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2014 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 626–31. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25314240/
  • Beirne JC, Butler PE, Brady FA. Cervical spine injuries in patients with facial fractures: a 1-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2021 Feb 7];24(1 PART 1):26–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7782637/
  • Lynham AJ, Hirst JP, Cosson JA, Chapman PJ, McEniery P. Emergency department management of maxillofacial trauma [Internet]. Vol. 16, EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia. Blackwell Publishing; 2004 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 7–12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15239748/
  • Jamal BT, Diecidue R, Qutub A, Cohen M. The Pattern of Combined Maxillofacial and Cervical Spine Fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2009 Mar [cited 2021 Feb 6];67(3):559–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19231780/
  • Robitaille A, Williams SR, Tremblay MH, Guilbert F, Thériault M, Drolet P. Cervical spine motion during tracheal intubation with manual in-line stabilization: Direct laryngoscopy versus GlideScope® videolaryngoscopy. Anesth Analg. 2008;106(3):935–41.
  • Kill C, Risse J, Wallot P, Seidl P, Steinfeldt T, Wulf H. Videolaryngoscopy with Glidescope Reduces Cervical Spine Movement in Patients with Unsecured Cervical Spine. J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2013 Apr 22 [cited 2021 Feb 6];44(4):750–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0736467912013340
  • Harris T, Rice S, Watts B, Davies G. The emergency control of traumatic maxillofacial haemorrhage. Eur J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2010 Aug [cited 2020 Jan 9];17(4):230–3. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603900
  • Khanna S, Dagum AB. A critical review of the literature and an evidence-based approach for life-threatening hemorrhage in Maxillofacial Surgery. In: Annals of Plastic Surgery [Internet]. Ann Plast Surg; 2012 [cited 2021 Feb 6]. p. 474–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22964670/
  • Liu WH, Chen YH, Hsieh CT, Lin EY, Chung TT, Ju DT. Transarterial embolization in the management of life-threatening hemorrhage after maxillofacial trauma: a case report and review of literature. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(4):516.e3-516.e5.
  • Cogbill TH, Cothren CC, Ahearn MK, Cullinane DC, Kaups KL, Scalea TM, et al. Management of maxillofacial injuries with severe oronasal hemorrhage: A multicenter perspective. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care [Internet]. 2008 Nov [cited 2021 Feb 7];65(5):994–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19001963/
  • Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Caplan RA, Connis RT, Nickinovich DG, Benumof JL, et al. Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway [Internet]. Vol. 118, Anesthesiology. Anesthesiology; 2013 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 251–70. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23364566/
  • Aziz MF, Healy D, Kheterpal S, Fu RF, Dillman D, Brambrink AM. Routine clinical practice effectiveness of the glidescope in difficult airway management: An analysis of 2,004 glidescope intubations, complications, and failures from two institutions. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2021 Feb 7];114(1):34–41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21150569/
  • Goliasch G, Ruetzler A, Fischer H, Frass M, Sessler DI, Ruetzler K. Evaluation of advanced airway management in absolutely inexperienced hands: A randomized manikin trial. Eur J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2013 Oct [cited 2021 Feb 7];20(5):310–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22914115/
  • Ruetzler K, Roessler B, Potura L, Priemayr A, Robak O, Schuster E, et al. Performance and skill retention of intubation by paramedics using seven different airway devices-A manikin study. Resuscitation [Internet]. 2011 May [cited 2021 Feb 7];82(5):593–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21353364/
  • Grier G, Bredmose P, Davies G, Lockey D. Introduction and use of the ProSealTM laryngeal mask airway as a rescue device in a pre-hospital trauma anaesthesia algorithm. Resuscitation [Internet]. 2009 Jan [cited 2021 Feb 7];80(1):138–41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19013707/
  • Vézina MC, Trépanier CA, Nicole PC, Lessard MR. Complications associated with the Esophageal-Tracheal Combitude® in the pre-hospital setting. Can J Anesth [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2021 Feb 7];54(2):124–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17272251/
  • Kearney PA, Griffen MM, Ochoa JB, Boulanger BR, Tseui BJ, Mentzer RM. A single-center 8-year experience with percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2000 May [cited 2021 Feb 7];231(5):701–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767791/
  • Altman KW, Waltonen JD, Kern RC. Urgent surgical airway intervention: A 3 year county hospital experience. Laryngoscope [Internet]. 2005 Dec [cited 2021 Feb 7];115(12):2101–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16369150/
  • Yuen HW, Loy AHC, Johari S. Urgent awake tracheotomy for impending airway obstruction. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg [Internet]. 2007 May [cited 2021 Feb 7];136(5):838–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17478226/
  • Gupta P, Modrykamien A. Fatal case of tension pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema after open surgical tracheostomy. J Intensive Care Med [Internet]. 2014 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Feb 7];29(5):298–301. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23753246/
  • Greenland KB, Acott C, Segal R, Goulding G, Riley RH, Merry AF. Emergency surgical airway in life-threatening acute airway emergencies - Why are we so reluctant to do it? [Internet]. Vol. 39, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Australian Society of Anaesthetists; 2011 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 578–84. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21823373/
  • Cooper S. “We need to cut the neck!”: Confronting psychological and moral distress during emergency cricothyrotomy. Narrat Inq Bioeth [Internet]. 2013 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Feb 7];3(2):E5–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24407097/
  • Hall CEJ, Shutt LE. Nasotracheal intubation for head and neck surgery [Internet]. Vol. 58, Anaesthesia. Anaesthesia; 2003 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 249–56. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603455/
  • Muzzi DA, Losasso TJ, Cucchiara RF. Complication from a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with a basilar skull fracture. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 1991 [cited 2021 Feb 7];74(2):366–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1990912/
  • Robertson CG, Doucet JC. Helping anesthesiologists understand facial fractures [Internet]. Vol. 25, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am; 2013 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. p. 561–72. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24021626/
  • Peterson GN, Domino KB, Caplan RA, Posner KL, Lee LA, Cheney FW. Management of the difficult airway: A closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2021 Feb 7];103(1):33–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15983454/
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ömer Ekici 0000-0002-7902-9601

Publication Date October 26, 2021
Submission Date March 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ekici, Ö. (2021). KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 11(4), 620-629. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212
AMA Ekici Ö. KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. October 2021;11(4):620-629. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212
Chicago Ekici, Ömer. “KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 620-29. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212.
EndNote Ekici Ö (October 1, 2021) KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 11 4 620–629.
IEEE Ö. Ekici, “KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 620–629, 2021, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212.
ISNAD Ekici, Ömer. “KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 11/4 (October 2021), 620-629. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212.
JAMA Ekici Ö. KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2021;11:620–629.
MLA Ekici, Ömer. “KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, 2021, pp. 620-9, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.890212.
Vancouver Ekici Ö. KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS RELATED TO AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2021;11(4):620-9.

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