Evaluation of the Relationship of Fatigue, Anxiety and Depression Levels in Individuals with the Precautions Taken in the COVID-19 Pandemic Process

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 665 - 671, 28.09.2022

Hasan Küçükkendirci Mehtap Yücel Yasemin Durduran

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1011262

Öz

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 process and the measures taken on fatigue, anxiety and depression levels in individuals, and the factors that may cause this effect.
Methods: The study is of cross-sectional type. A total of 281 participants who applied to the pandemic outpatient clinic were included in the study. Data collection form with 27 questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) with 14 questions were used in the study. Relationships between data were evaluated with t-test and chi-square test in independent groups. The importance levels of the factors affecting the anxiety and depression scores were determined by the Chaid Analysis. Statistically, cases with p<.05 were considered significant.
Results: A total of 281 participants, with a mean age of 40.09±12.35 years and 56.2% women, were included in the study. The mean depression score of the participants in HADS was 7.43±3.85. The mean anxiety score was 8.11±4.04. 61.6% of the participants had depression and 31.0% had anxiety. According to Chaid’s analysis, the most effective factor on anxiety and depression scores was that the fear of contracting the COVID-19 infection exhausted the individual.
Conclusion: As a result of the research, it was found that the frequency of depression and anxiety was high in patients who applied to the pandemic outpatient clinic. It was determined that more than half of the participants were afraid of catching an infection and this fear caused fatigue in them. Mental health should not be ignored during the pandemic period and both physical and mental health of people should be protected with holistic approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, depression, prevention, fatigue, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization. (2020 b, March 11). WHO Director General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. Accessed [10 August 2021]. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-sopening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—-11-march-2020
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
• World Health Organization. (2020 a). Corona virus disease (COVID-2019): Situation report-138. Accessed [10 August 2021]. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/ coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200606-covid-19-sitrep-138.pdf?sfvrsn=c8abfb17_4
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 genel bilgiler, epidemiyoloji ve tanı rehberi. 2020. (Turkish)
• Morgul E, Bener A, Atak M, Akyel S, Aktaş S, Bhugra D, Ventriglio A, Jordan R. COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey. The International Journal of Social psychiatry. 2020;67(2):128-135.
• Pierce M, Hope H, Ford T, Hatch S, Hotopf M, John A, Kontopantelis E, Wessely S, Manus S, Mabel K. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7(10):883-892.
• Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020;66(4):317-320.
• Chen S, Bonanno GA. Psychological adjustment during the global outbreak of COVID-19: A resilience perspective. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2020;12(1):51-54.
• Gıca Ş, Akkubak Y, Aksoy ZK, Küçük A, Cüre E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychology and disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2021;51(4):1631-1639.
• Choi J. The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Asian Communication Research 2020;17(2):98-103.
• Mamun MA, Griffiths MD. First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2020;51:102073.
• Finsterer J, Mahjoub SZ. Fatigue in healthy and diseased individuals. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine 2014;31(5):562-575.
• Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu j, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H, Kang L, Yao L, Huang M, Wang H, Wang G, Liu Z, Hu S. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA 2020;3(3):1-12.
• Taylor S. The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.2019.
• Zigmond AS, Sanlth RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1983;67:361-370.
• Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1997;8:280-287. (Turkish)
• Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CR. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(5):1729.
• Choi EPH, Hui BPH, Wan EYF. Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(10):3740.
• Amin F, Sharif S, Saeed R, Durrani N, Jilani D. COVID-19 pandemic-knowledge, perception, anxiety and depression among frontline doctors of Pakistan. BMC Psychiatry 2020;20(1):1-9.
• Solomou I, Constantinidou F. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(14):4924.
• Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020;66(5):504-511.
• World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders. (2017). Accessed [10 August 2021]. https://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf
• World Health Organization. Depression. (2020). Accessed [10 August 2021]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
• Zhang J, Zhu L, Li S, Huang J, Ye Z, Wei Q, Du C. Rural–urban disparities in knowledge, behaviors, and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic: A community-based cross-sectional survey. Medicine 2021;100(13).
• Naragon-Gainey K, McMahon TP, Chacko TP. The structure of common emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic examination. Psychological Bulletin 2017;143(4):384.
• Wu DY, Guo M, Gao YS, Kang YH, Guo JC, Jiang XL, Chen F, Liu T. Clinical effects of comprehensive therapy of early psychological intervention and rehabilitation training on neurological rehabilitation of patients with acute stroke. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012;5(11):914-916.
• Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A. Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2020;51:102076.