A Multi-center Retrospective Analysis of Healthcare Workers after COVID-19: Epidemiological and Clinical Features

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 697 - 701, 28.09.2022

Okan Derin Nilay Aksoy Ozge Çaydaşı Mehmet Yılmaz Ali Mert

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1012880

Öz

Objective: Concerns regarding the high-level risk of infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) increased after COVID19 was declared as a pandemic in March 2020. Inadequate infection control owing to a shortage of personal protective equipment or an inconvenient usage of infection control measures may play a significant role in transmission to/among healthcare personnel. The study aimed to determine the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients who are healthcare workers along with possible transmission routes of COVID-19 in four different healthcare facilities in Istanbul.
Methods: All hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical characteristics of HCWs were documented, and all infected HCWs were subjected to a phone-based mini-questionnaire and three-dimensional test (TDT). All statistical analyses were done using statistical packages SPSS Demo Ver 22 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Clinical features of COVID-19 were similar to the general public’s characteristics. The most frequent symptoms were cough, fever, and headache. HCWs with the O blood group tend to have asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. Hospital workers other than medical professionals have a lack of convenience of infection control measures. The median duration of PCR negativity was 9 days. HCWs who had a sore throat at the beginning of COVID-19 have a longer PCR-positive duration.
Conclusion: Understanding the clinical features or characteristics of asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers may aid in the implementation of a feasible screening program for early detection. It is strongly advised that proper infection control precautions, education, and auditing of nonclinical staff be implemented. As a result, transmission among healthcare workers can be avoided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, healthcare workers, infection control, asymptomatic, Household contact

Destekleyen Kurum

No

Proje Numarası

No

Kaynakça

• [1] Wilson NM, Norton A, Young FP, Collins DW. Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(8):1086-1095.
• [2] Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Tan X. Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):2218-2221.
• [3] Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2020;41(2):145-151.
• [4] Tran K, Cimon K, Severn M, Pessoa-Silva CL, Conly J. Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35797.
• [5] Jain U. Risk of COVID-19 due to Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8837.
• [6] Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F, Wang Y, Nie H, Zhang L, You G. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(2):183-187.
• [7] Cook T, Kursumovic E, Lennane S. Exclusive: deaths of NHS staff from covid-19 analysed. HSJ 2020;22. Accessed [23 september 2022]. https://www.hsj.co.uk/exclusive-deaths-of-nhs-staff-from-covid-19-analysed/7027471.article
• [8] Saqlain M, Munir MM, Rehman SU, Gulzar A, Naz S, Ahmed Z, Tahir AH, Mashhood M. Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):419-423.
• [9] Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
• [10] Shields A, Faustini SE, Perez-Toledo M, Jossi S, Aldera E, Allen JD, Al-Taei S, Backhouse C, Bosworth A, Dunbar LA, Ebanks D, Emmanuel B, Garvey M, Gray J, Kidd IM, McGinnell G, McLoughlin DE, Morley G, O’Neill J, Papakonstantinou D, Pickles O, Poxon C, Richter M, Walker EM, Wanigasooriya K, Watanabe Y, Whalley C, Zielinska AE, Crispin M, Wraith DC, Beggs AD, Cunningham AF, Drayson MT, Richter AG. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. Thorax. 2020;75(12):1089- 1094.
• [11] Treibel TA, Manisty C, Burton M, McKnight Á, Lambourne J, Augusto JB, Couto-Parada X, Cutino-Moguel T, Noursadeghi M, Moon JC. COVID-19: PCR screening of asymptomatic health-care workers at London hospital. Lancet. 2020;395(10237):1608-1610.
• [12] COVID-19 SCo. COVID-19 Information Page (2021). Accessed [23 september 2022]. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66301/ covid-19-rehberi.html
• [13] Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S, Bhalla S, Chung JH, Chung M, Henry TS, Kanne JP, Kligerman S, Ko JP, Litt H. Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Document on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging. 2020;2(2):e200152. doi:10.1148/ryct.202.020.0152
• [14] Oran DP, Topol EJ. The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic : A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(5):655-662.
• [15] Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN, Marder EP, Raz KM, El Burai Felix S, Tie Y, Fullerton KE. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance – United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(24):759-765.
• [16] Gao Z, Xu Y, Sun C, Wang X, Guo Y, Qiu S, Ma K. A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021;54(1):12-16.
• [17] Wu Y, Feng Z, Li P, Yu Q. Relationship between ABO blood group distribution and clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;509:220-223.
• [18] Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Cai Y, Deng A, Yang M. Association between ABO blood groups and risk of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Br J Haematol. 2020;190(1):24-27.
• [19] Göker H, Aladağ Karakulak E, Demiroğlu H, Ayaz Ceylan ÇM, Büyükaşik Y, Inkaya AÇ, Aksu S, Sayinalp N, Haznedaroğlu IC, Uzun Ö, Akova M, Özcebe OI, Ünal S. The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(4):679-683.
• [20] Rivett L, Sridhar S, Sparkes D, Routledge M, Jones NK, Forrest S, Young J, Pereira-Dias J, Hamilton WL, Ferris M, Torok ME, Meredith L; CITIID-NIHR COVID-19 BioResource Collaboration, Curran MD, Fuller S, Chaudhry A, Shaw A, Samworth RJ, Bradley JR, Dougan G, Smith KG, Lehner PJ, Matheson NJ, Wright G, Goodfellow IG, Baker S, Weekes MP. Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission. Elife. 2020;9:e58728.
• [21] Lei H, Xu X, Xiao S, Wu X, Shu Y. Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(6):979-997.
• [22] Qiu X, Nergiz AI, Maraolo AE, Bogoch II, Low N, Cevik M. The role of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infection in SARS-CoV-2 transmission-a living systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(4):511-519.
• [23] Villarreal J, Nieto SV, Vázquez F, Del Campo MT, Mahillo I, de la Hoz RE. Time to a Negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR Predicts Delayed Return to Work After Medical Leave in COVID-19 Infected Health Care Workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2021;63(11):970- 974.
• [24] Miyamae Y, Hayashi T, Yonezawa H, Fujihara J, Matsumoto Y, Ito T, Tsubota T, Ishii K. Duration of viral shedding in asymptomatic or mild cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a cruise ship: A single-hospital experience in Tokyo, Japan. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;97:293-295.
• [25] Interim Guidance on Duration of Isolation and Precautions for Adults with COVID-19. Accessed [23 september 2022]. https:// www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation. html
• [26] Walsh KA, Spillane S, Comber L, Cardwell K, Harrington P, Connell J, Teljeur C, Broderick N, de Gascun CF, Smith SM, Ryan M, O’Neill M. The duration of infectiousness of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. J Infect. 2020;81(6):847-856.