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The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 562 - 570, 11.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smartphones addiction, and to investigate the relationship between smartphones addiction and functional neck disability among the students of Taif University during a Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: A 1060 students from Taif University participated in this study. The smartphones addiction was evaluated by using the short version of the smartphone’s addiction scale (SAS-SV) and functional neck disability was measured by the neck disability index (NDI).
Results: About 83 % of the students reported smartphones addiction, 50% were suffering from mild neck disability, and 84% used their smartphones for more than 4 hours/day. Female students represented one and half times more than male to develop a smartphones addiction (p< 0.05). There was a significant association between smartphones addition and neck disability (p< 0.05). Moreover, female students had a functional neck disability significantly greater than male students (p= 0.001). Students with smartphones addiction represented three times more than students without addiction to develop functional neck disability (p= 0.001), and female students represented two times more than male students to develop functional neck disability (p= 0.001).
Conclusion: During a COVID-19 pandemic, more than four-fifth of the students showed smartphones addiction. The female students are more predictive to smartphones addiction than male. The smartphones addiction and female students were found to be the predictors for functional neck disability.

Destekleyen Kurum

Not applicable

Proje Numarası

Not applicable

Kaynakça

  • Arslan A, Unal AT. Examination of cell phone usage habits and purposes of education faculty students. Int J Hum Sci. 2013;10(1):182–201.
  • Yoo WG, Kim MH. Effect of different seat support characteristics on the neck and trunk muscles and forward head posture of visual display terminal workers. Work 2010;36(1):3–8. DOI: 10.3233/wor-2010-1002.
  • Alhazmi AA, Alzahrani SH, Baig M, Salawati EM, Alkatheri A. Prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Pak J Med Sci. 2018;34(4):984–988. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.344.15294
  • Akodu AK, Akinbo SR YQ, Akodu AK, Akinbo SR, Young QO. Correlation among smartphone addiction, craniovertebral angle, scapular dyskinesis, and selected anthropometric variables in physiotherapy undergraduates. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018;13(6):528–534. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.09.001.
  • Cha SS, Seo BK. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. Health Psychol Open 2018;5(1):1–15. DOI: 10.1177/2055102918755046.
  • Ming Z, Pietikainen S, Hänninen O. Excessive texting in pathophysiology of first carpometacarpal joint arthritis. Pathophysiology 2006;13(4):269–270. DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.09.001.
  • Chen B, Liu F, Ding S, Ying X, Wang L, Wen Y. Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry 2017;17:341. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1503-z.
  • Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA. Association of mobile phone radiation with fatigue, headache, dizziness, tension and sleep disturbance in Saudi population. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(6):732–736.
  • Alosaimi FD, Alyahya H, Alshahwan H, Al Mahyijari N, Shaik SA. Smartphone addiction among university students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2016;37(6):675–683. DOI:10.15537/Smj.2016.6.14430.
  • Kwon M, Lee J-Y, Won W-Y, Park J-W, Min J-A, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi J-H, Kim D-J. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoS One 2013;8:e56936. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936.
  • Berolo S, Wells RP, Amick 3rd BC. Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: A preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl Ergon. 2011;42(2):371–378. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.08.010.
  • Shan Z, Deng G, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. Correlational analysis of neck/shoulder pain and low back pain with the use of digital products, physical activity and psychological status among adolescents in Shanghai. PLoS One 2013;8:78–109. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078109.
  • Jakhar D, Kaul S, Kaur I. Increased usage of smartphones during COVID-19: Is that blue light causing skin damage? Journal of Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(10):2466–2467. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13662.
  • Csibi S, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z, Szabo A. Analysis of problematic smartphone use across different age groups within the ‘Components Model of Addiction’. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19:616–631. DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00095-0.
  • Alwatban OJA, Alshammari SA, Alrabiah BK, Alsadhan KF, Alwhibi M. The association between smartphone usage and musculoskeletal pain among medical residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during covid-19 pandemic. Med Sci. 2021;25(15):2383–2391.
  • Zhao R, Li Y, Craig B. The relationship between smartphone use and musculoskeletal symptoms among university students under the influence of COVID-19. Proceedings of the 2021 IISE Annual Conference, 2021, pp. 992–997.
  • Gustafsson E, Johnson P, Hagberg M. Thumb postures and physical loads during mobile phone use–A comparison of young adults with and without musculoskeletal symptoms. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(1):127–135.
  • Sethuraman AR, Rao S, Charlette L, Thatkar PV, Vincent V. Smartphone addiction among medical college students in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Int J Community Med Pub Health 2018;5(10):4273–4277. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183867.
  • Eldesokey S, Gomaa Z, Sabri Y, El-Gilany A, Elwasify M. Smartphone addiction among medical students in Mansoura. Egypt J Psychiatr. 2021;42(1):50–56. DOI: 10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_47_20.
  • Nikmat AW, Hashim NA, Saidi MF, Zaki NSM, Shukri NNH, Abdulla NB. The use and addiction to smart phones among medical students and staffs in a public University in Malaysia. ASEAN J Psychiatr. 2018;19(1): 2231-7805.
  • Uakarn C, Chaokromthong K, Sintao N. Sample Size Estimation using Yamane and Cochran and Krejcie and Morgan and Green Formulas and Cohen Statistical Power Analysis by G* Power and Comparisions. Apheit Int J. 2021;10(2):76–86.
  • Sfendla A, Laita M, Nejjar B, Souirti Z, Touhami AAO, Senhaji M. Reliability of the arabic smartphone addiction scale and smartphone addiction scale-short version in two different moroccan samples. Cyberpsych Behav Soc Netw. 2018;21(5):325–332. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0411.
  • Shrestha D, Shrestha R, Grotle M, Nygaard ØP, Solberg TK. Validation of the Nepali versions of the neck disability index and the numerical rating scale for neck pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021;46(5):E325–332. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003810
  • Kaka B, Ogwumike OO, Vernon H, Adeniyi AF, Ogunlade SO. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Hausa version of the neck disability index questionnaire. Int J Ther Rehabil. 2016;23(8):380–385. DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2016.23.8.380
  • Olivo SA, Fuentes J, Major PW, Warren S, Thie NMR, Magee DJ. The association between neck disability and jaw disability. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(9):670–679. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02098.x
  • Albursan IS, Al Qudah MF, Dutton E, Hassan EMAH, Bakhiet SFA, Alfnan AA, Aljomaa SS, Hammad HI. National, sex and academic discipline difference in smartphone addiction: A study of students in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Sudan. Community Ment Health J. 2019;55(5):825–830. DOI:10.1007/s10597-019-00368-x.
  • Hawi NS, Samaha M. To excel or not to excel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect of smartphone addiction on academic performance. Comput Educ. 2016;98:81–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.007.
  • Khan MM. Adverse effects of excessive mobile phone use. Int J Occupat Med Environ Health 2008;21(4):289–293. DOI:10.2478/v10001-008-0028-6.
  • David ME, Roberts JA. Smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Social versus physical distancing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(3):1034. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18031034.
  • Kuyulu I, Beltekin E. Relationship between smartphone addiction and personality traits. Asian J Educ Train. 2020;6(2):304–313. DOI: 10.20448/journal.522.2020.62.304.313.
  • Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85–92. DOI: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.010.
  • De-Sola Gutiérrez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Rubio G. Cell-phone addiction: A review. Front Psychiatr. 2016;7:175. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175.
  • Kim Y, Lee N, Lim Y. Gender differences in the association of smartphone addiction with food group consumption among Korean adolescents. Public Health 2017;145:132–135. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.026.
  • Akodu AK, Adenekan YA, Zibiri RA. Smartphone addiction, selected psychological status and clinical variables among undergraduates in a Nigerian population. South Afr J Public Health 2020;4:71–75. DOI: 10.7196/SHS.2020.V4I3.115.
  • Aljomaa SS, Al.Qudah MF, Albursan IS, Bakhiet SF, Abduljabbar AS. Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables. Comput Human Behav. 2016;61:155–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.041.
  • Chung N. Korean adolescent girls’ addictive use of mobile phones to maintain interpersonal solidarity. Soc Behav Person Int J. 2011;39(10):1349–1358. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2011.39.10.1349.
  • Abo-jedi A. Cellphone addiction and its relation to self-closure in a sample of Jordanian university and Amman private university students. Jordan J Educ Sci. 2008;4(2):137–150.
  • Roberts J, Yaya L, Manolis C. The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students. J Behav Addict. 2014;3(4):254–265. DOI: 10.1556/jba.3.2014.015.
  • Lane W, Manner C. The impact of personality traits on smartphone ownership and use. Int J Business Soc Sci. 2011;2(17):22–28.
  • Abdel-aziem AA, Abdel-ghafar MA, Ali OI, Abdelraouf OR. Effects of smartphone screen viewing duration and body position on head and neck posture in elementary school children. J Back Musculoskel Rehabil. 2022;35(1):185–193. DOI: 10.3233/BMR-200334.
  • Jung SI, Lee NK, Kang KW, Kim K, Lee DY. The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(1):186–189. DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.186.
  • Keränen NS, Kangas M, Immonen M, Similä H, Enwald H, Korpelainen R, Jämsä T. Use of information and communication technologies among older people with and without frailty: A population-based survey. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(2):e29. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5507.
  • Kurugodiyavar MD, Sushma HR, Godbole M, Nekar MS. Impact of smartphone use on quality of sleep among medical students. Int J Community Med Public Health 2017;5(1):101-109.
  • Walsh SP, White KM. Me, My Mobile, and I: The role of self- and prototypical identity influences in the prediction of mobile phone behavior. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2007;37(10):2405–2434. DOI. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00264.x.
  • AlAbdulwahab SS, Kachanathu SJ, AlMotairi MS. Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability. Musculoskel Care 2017;15(1):10–12. DOI: 10.1002/msc.1170.
  • Shah PP, Sheth MS. Correlation of smartphone use addiction with text neck syndrome and SMS thumb in physiotherapy students. Inter J Community Med Public Health 2018;5(6):2512-2516.DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182187.
  • Sharan D, Mohandoss M, Ranganathan R, Jose J. Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities due to extensive usage of hand held devices. Ann Occupat and Environ Med. 2014;26:22. DOI: 10.1186/s40557-014-0022-3.
  • Lunge VR, Kokiwar PR. Prevalence and purposes of gadget use among medical students. Inte J Community Med Public Health 2019;6(2):500–503. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190083.
  • Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG. The relationship between forward head posture and neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Reviews Musculoskel Med. 2019;12(4):562–577. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y.
  • Alghamdi AN, Alzahrani SS, Abdel-Aziem AA. Physiotherapy students learning and teaching satisfaction. J Contemp Med. 2017;7(1):23–35. DOI:10.16899/gopctd.286125.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 562 - 570, 11.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402

Öz

Proje Numarası

Not applicable

Kaynakça

  • Arslan A, Unal AT. Examination of cell phone usage habits and purposes of education faculty students. Int J Hum Sci. 2013;10(1):182–201.
  • Yoo WG, Kim MH. Effect of different seat support characteristics on the neck and trunk muscles and forward head posture of visual display terminal workers. Work 2010;36(1):3–8. DOI: 10.3233/wor-2010-1002.
  • Alhazmi AA, Alzahrani SH, Baig M, Salawati EM, Alkatheri A. Prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Pak J Med Sci. 2018;34(4):984–988. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.344.15294
  • Akodu AK, Akinbo SR YQ, Akodu AK, Akinbo SR, Young QO. Correlation among smartphone addiction, craniovertebral angle, scapular dyskinesis, and selected anthropometric variables in physiotherapy undergraduates. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018;13(6):528–534. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.09.001.
  • Cha SS, Seo BK. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. Health Psychol Open 2018;5(1):1–15. DOI: 10.1177/2055102918755046.
  • Ming Z, Pietikainen S, Hänninen O. Excessive texting in pathophysiology of first carpometacarpal joint arthritis. Pathophysiology 2006;13(4):269–270. DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.09.001.
  • Chen B, Liu F, Ding S, Ying X, Wang L, Wen Y. Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry 2017;17:341. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1503-z.
  • Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA. Association of mobile phone radiation with fatigue, headache, dizziness, tension and sleep disturbance in Saudi population. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(6):732–736.
  • Alosaimi FD, Alyahya H, Alshahwan H, Al Mahyijari N, Shaik SA. Smartphone addiction among university students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2016;37(6):675–683. DOI:10.15537/Smj.2016.6.14430.
  • Kwon M, Lee J-Y, Won W-Y, Park J-W, Min J-A, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi J-H, Kim D-J. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoS One 2013;8:e56936. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936.
  • Berolo S, Wells RP, Amick 3rd BC. Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: A preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl Ergon. 2011;42(2):371–378. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.08.010.
  • Shan Z, Deng G, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. Correlational analysis of neck/shoulder pain and low back pain with the use of digital products, physical activity and psychological status among adolescents in Shanghai. PLoS One 2013;8:78–109. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078109.
  • Jakhar D, Kaul S, Kaur I. Increased usage of smartphones during COVID-19: Is that blue light causing skin damage? Journal of Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(10):2466–2467. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13662.
  • Csibi S, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z, Szabo A. Analysis of problematic smartphone use across different age groups within the ‘Components Model of Addiction’. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19:616–631. DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00095-0.
  • Alwatban OJA, Alshammari SA, Alrabiah BK, Alsadhan KF, Alwhibi M. The association between smartphone usage and musculoskeletal pain among medical residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during covid-19 pandemic. Med Sci. 2021;25(15):2383–2391.
  • Zhao R, Li Y, Craig B. The relationship between smartphone use and musculoskeletal symptoms among university students under the influence of COVID-19. Proceedings of the 2021 IISE Annual Conference, 2021, pp. 992–997.
  • Gustafsson E, Johnson P, Hagberg M. Thumb postures and physical loads during mobile phone use–A comparison of young adults with and without musculoskeletal symptoms. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(1):127–135.
  • Sethuraman AR, Rao S, Charlette L, Thatkar PV, Vincent V. Smartphone addiction among medical college students in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Int J Community Med Pub Health 2018;5(10):4273–4277. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183867.
  • Eldesokey S, Gomaa Z, Sabri Y, El-Gilany A, Elwasify M. Smartphone addiction among medical students in Mansoura. Egypt J Psychiatr. 2021;42(1):50–56. DOI: 10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_47_20.
  • Nikmat AW, Hashim NA, Saidi MF, Zaki NSM, Shukri NNH, Abdulla NB. The use and addiction to smart phones among medical students and staffs in a public University in Malaysia. ASEAN J Psychiatr. 2018;19(1): 2231-7805.
  • Uakarn C, Chaokromthong K, Sintao N. Sample Size Estimation using Yamane and Cochran and Krejcie and Morgan and Green Formulas and Cohen Statistical Power Analysis by G* Power and Comparisions. Apheit Int J. 2021;10(2):76–86.
  • Sfendla A, Laita M, Nejjar B, Souirti Z, Touhami AAO, Senhaji M. Reliability of the arabic smartphone addiction scale and smartphone addiction scale-short version in two different moroccan samples. Cyberpsych Behav Soc Netw. 2018;21(5):325–332. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0411.
  • Shrestha D, Shrestha R, Grotle M, Nygaard ØP, Solberg TK. Validation of the Nepali versions of the neck disability index and the numerical rating scale for neck pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021;46(5):E325–332. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003810
  • Kaka B, Ogwumike OO, Vernon H, Adeniyi AF, Ogunlade SO. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Hausa version of the neck disability index questionnaire. Int J Ther Rehabil. 2016;23(8):380–385. DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2016.23.8.380
  • Olivo SA, Fuentes J, Major PW, Warren S, Thie NMR, Magee DJ. The association between neck disability and jaw disability. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(9):670–679. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02098.x
  • Albursan IS, Al Qudah MF, Dutton E, Hassan EMAH, Bakhiet SFA, Alfnan AA, Aljomaa SS, Hammad HI. National, sex and academic discipline difference in smartphone addiction: A study of students in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Sudan. Community Ment Health J. 2019;55(5):825–830. DOI:10.1007/s10597-019-00368-x.
  • Hawi NS, Samaha M. To excel or not to excel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect of smartphone addiction on academic performance. Comput Educ. 2016;98:81–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.007.
  • Khan MM. Adverse effects of excessive mobile phone use. Int J Occupat Med Environ Health 2008;21(4):289–293. DOI:10.2478/v10001-008-0028-6.
  • David ME, Roberts JA. Smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Social versus physical distancing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(3):1034. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18031034.
  • Kuyulu I, Beltekin E. Relationship between smartphone addiction and personality traits. Asian J Educ Train. 2020;6(2):304–313. DOI: 10.20448/journal.522.2020.62.304.313.
  • Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85–92. DOI: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.010.
  • De-Sola Gutiérrez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Rubio G. Cell-phone addiction: A review. Front Psychiatr. 2016;7:175. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175.
  • Kim Y, Lee N, Lim Y. Gender differences in the association of smartphone addiction with food group consumption among Korean adolescents. Public Health 2017;145:132–135. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.026.
  • Akodu AK, Adenekan YA, Zibiri RA. Smartphone addiction, selected psychological status and clinical variables among undergraduates in a Nigerian population. South Afr J Public Health 2020;4:71–75. DOI: 10.7196/SHS.2020.V4I3.115.
  • Aljomaa SS, Al.Qudah MF, Albursan IS, Bakhiet SF, Abduljabbar AS. Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables. Comput Human Behav. 2016;61:155–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.041.
  • Chung N. Korean adolescent girls’ addictive use of mobile phones to maintain interpersonal solidarity. Soc Behav Person Int J. 2011;39(10):1349–1358. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2011.39.10.1349.
  • Abo-jedi A. Cellphone addiction and its relation to self-closure in a sample of Jordanian university and Amman private university students. Jordan J Educ Sci. 2008;4(2):137–150.
  • Roberts J, Yaya L, Manolis C. The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students. J Behav Addict. 2014;3(4):254–265. DOI: 10.1556/jba.3.2014.015.
  • Lane W, Manner C. The impact of personality traits on smartphone ownership and use. Int J Business Soc Sci. 2011;2(17):22–28.
  • Abdel-aziem AA, Abdel-ghafar MA, Ali OI, Abdelraouf OR. Effects of smartphone screen viewing duration and body position on head and neck posture in elementary school children. J Back Musculoskel Rehabil. 2022;35(1):185–193. DOI: 10.3233/BMR-200334.
  • Jung SI, Lee NK, Kang KW, Kim K, Lee DY. The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(1):186–189. DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.186.
  • Keränen NS, Kangas M, Immonen M, Similä H, Enwald H, Korpelainen R, Jämsä T. Use of information and communication technologies among older people with and without frailty: A population-based survey. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(2):e29. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5507.
  • Kurugodiyavar MD, Sushma HR, Godbole M, Nekar MS. Impact of smartphone use on quality of sleep among medical students. Int J Community Med Public Health 2017;5(1):101-109.
  • Walsh SP, White KM. Me, My Mobile, and I: The role of self- and prototypical identity influences in the prediction of mobile phone behavior. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2007;37(10):2405–2434. DOI. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00264.x.
  • AlAbdulwahab SS, Kachanathu SJ, AlMotairi MS. Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability. Musculoskel Care 2017;15(1):10–12. DOI: 10.1002/msc.1170.
  • Shah PP, Sheth MS. Correlation of smartphone use addiction with text neck syndrome and SMS thumb in physiotherapy students. Inter J Community Med Public Health 2018;5(6):2512-2516.DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182187.
  • Sharan D, Mohandoss M, Ranganathan R, Jose J. Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities due to extensive usage of hand held devices. Ann Occupat and Environ Med. 2014;26:22. DOI: 10.1186/s40557-014-0022-3.
  • Lunge VR, Kokiwar PR. Prevalence and purposes of gadget use among medical students. Inte J Community Med Public Health 2019;6(2):500–503. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190083.
  • Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG. The relationship between forward head posture and neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Reviews Musculoskel Med. 2019;12(4):562–577. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y.
  • Alghamdi AN, Alzahrani SS, Abdel-Aziem AA. Physiotherapy students learning and teaching satisfaction. J Contemp Med. 2017;7(1):23–35. DOI:10.16899/gopctd.286125.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ortopedi
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Amr Abdel-aziem 0000-0001-8448-9218

Ibrahim Dewir Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5077-6638

Mosab Alotibi Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1050-4600

Hamzh Morshed Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6586-9888

Ziyad Alkhammash Bu kişi benim 0009-0006-0538-7680

Muqren Alshahrani Bu kişi benim 0009-0004-7274-1112

Proje Numarası Not applicable
Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Abdel-aziem, A., Dewir, I., Alotibi, M., Morshed, H., vd. (2023). The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 13(3), 562-570. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402
AMA Abdel-aziem A, Dewir I, Alotibi M, Morshed H, Alkhammash Z, Alshahrani M. The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. Eylül 2023;13(3):562-570. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402
Chicago Abdel-aziem, Amr, Ibrahim Dewir, Mosab Alotibi, Hamzh Morshed, Ziyad Alkhammash, ve Muqren Alshahrani. “The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability Among University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13, sy. 3 (Eylül 2023): 562-70. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402.
EndNote Abdel-aziem A, Dewir I, Alotibi M, Morshed H, Alkhammash Z, Alshahrani M (01 Eylül 2023) The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13 3 562–570.
IEEE A. Abdel-aziem, I. Dewir, M. Alotibi, H. Morshed, Z. Alkhammash, ve M. Alshahrani, “The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, c. 13, sy. 3, ss. 562–570, 2023, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402.
ISNAD Abdel-aziem, Amr vd. “The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability Among University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13/3 (Eylül 2023), 562-570. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402.
JAMA Abdel-aziem A, Dewir I, Alotibi M, Morshed H, Alkhammash Z, Alshahrani M. The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2023;13:562–570.
MLA Abdel-aziem, Amr vd. “The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability Among University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, c. 13, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 562-70, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1116402.
Vancouver Abdel-aziem A, Dewir I, Alotibi M, Morshed H, Alkhammash Z, Alshahrani M. The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Functional Neck Disability among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2023;13(3):562-70.

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