The Validity-Reliability Study of Turkish Version of Electronical Symptom Screening Tool (8-18) in SSPedi-Pediatric Patients with Cancer
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 827 - 834, 30.09.2024
Rukiye Çelik
,
Ebru Kılıçarslan Törüner
,
Naime Altay
,
Dilek Bayram
Öz
Objective: The first step in symptom management is symptom screening which is necessary to keep the symptom under control. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Electronic Symptom Screening Tool in Pediatrics for children aged 8-18 (SSPedi 8-18) with cancer.
Methods: The research was conducted between September 2020 and June 2021. The sample in our study consists of 80 children (8-18 years) with cancer. For content validity, the scale was first translated into Turkish and then adapted using Davis’ correspondence analysis technique. The construct validity of the scale was assessed using the Barlett test and Kaiser-Mayer Olkin. For the scale’s reliability, Cronbach
Alpha Reliability Coefficient, Equivalent Forms Method, bisection method and Item Total Score Correlation Coefficient correlation tests were analyzed. Before starting the study, ethics committee approval and written permits from institutions and individuals were obtained.
Results: The content validity index was found between 0.93 and 1. The reliability of the scale of the equivalent form method was r:0.57, and bisection method was r:0.85 and the Cronbach internal consistency coefficient of scale=0.86. The correlation coefficient between the items and the total score was greater than r=0.20. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient was 0.82. The χ2 value (Bartlett test) was statistically significant (p= .001).
Conclusion: The SSPedi 8-18 is a reliable and valid tool that can be used to assess the symptoms of Turkish children with cancer. Nurses’ use of the scale while providing nursing care to children diagnosed with cancer and their families will guide them in objectively determining symptoms, understanding the relationship between symptoms, and managing symptoms.
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization. Cancer in Children. Accessed [20 August 2021] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer-in-children.
- American Cancer Society. Canser facts & figures. Accessed [14 October 2021] https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2020/cancer-facts-and-figures-2020.pdf.
- National Cancer Institute. Childhood cancer genomics (PDQ®)–health professional version. Accessed [22 August 2021] https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/pediatric-genomics.
- American Cancer Society. (2019). American Cancer Society. What are the differences between cancers in adults and children? Accessed [28 August 2021] http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-in-children/differences-adults-children.
- Diorio C, Kelly KM, Afungchwi GM, Ladas EJ, Marjerrison S. Nutritional traditional and complementary medicine strategies in pediatric cancer: A narrative review. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2020;67: 28324. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28324
- Jebelli A, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Baghbanzadeh A, Mokhtarzadeh A, Tayebi L. Recent developments in targeting genes and pathways by RNAi‐based approaches in colorectal cancer. Medicinal Research Reviews 2021;41: 395-434. DOI: 10.1002/med.21735
- Roila F, Molassiotis A, Herrstedt J, Aapro M, Gralla RJ, Bruera E, Clark-Snow RA, Dupuis LL, Einhom LH, Feyer P, Hesketh PJ, Jordan K, Olver I, Rapoport BL, Roscoe J, Ruhlmann CH, Walsh D, Warr D, Wetering van der M, on behalf of the participants of the MASCC/ESMO Consensus Conference Copenhagen. 2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. Annals of Oncology. 2016;27: 119-133. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw270
- Pinheiro LC, McFatrich M, Lucas N, Walker JS, Withycombe JS, Hinds PS, Sung L, Tomlinson D, Freyer DR, Mack JW, Baker JN, Reeve BB. Child and adolescent self-report symptom measurement in pediatric oncology research: A systematic literature review. Quality of Life Research 2018;27: 291-319. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1692-4
- Rodgers C, Hooke MC, Taylor O, Koerner KM, Mitby P, Moore I, Scheurer ME, Hockenberry MJ, Pan W. Childhood cancer symptom cluster: Leukemia and health-related quality of life. In Oncology Nursing Forum 2019;46: 228. DOI: 10.1188/19.ONF.228-237
- Montgomery KE, Vos K, Raybin JL, Ward J, Balian C, Gilger EA, Li Z. Comparison of child self‐report and parent proxy‐report of symptoms: Results from a longitudinal symptom assessment study of children with advanced cancer. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2021;26: e12316. DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12316
- Tomlinson D, Dupuis LL, Gibson P, Johnston DL, Portwine C, Baggott C, Spiegler B, Kuczynski S, Macartney G, Sung, L. Initial development of the symptom screening in pediatrics tool (SSPedi). Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(1): 71-75. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-1945-x
- Collins JJ, Byrnes ME, Dunkel IJ, Lapin J, Nadel T, Thaler HT, Polyak T, Rapkin B, Portenoy RK. The measurement of symptoms in children with cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2000;19: 363-377. DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00127-5
- Dupuis LL, Johnston DL, Baggott C, Hyslop S, Tomlinson D, Gibson P, Orsey A, Diz D, Price V, Vanan M, Portwine C, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Tomlinson GA, Sung L. Validation of the symptom screening in pediatrics tool in children receiving cancer treatments. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2018;110: 661-668. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx250
- Baxter AL, Watcha MF, Baxter WV, Leong T, Wyatt MM. Development and validation of a pictorial nausea rating scale for children. Pediatrics 2011;127, 1542-1549. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1410
- Mandrell BN, Yang J, Hooke MC, Wang C, Gattuso JS, Hockenberry M, Jones H, Zupanec S, Hinds PS. Psychometric and clinical assessment of the 13-item reduced version of the Fatigue Scale–Adolescent instrument. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 2011;28: 287-294. DOI: 10.1177/104345421141866
- Linder LA, Hooke MC. Symptoms in children receiving treatment for cancer—Part II: Pain, sadness, and symptom clusters. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 2019;36: 262-279. DOI: 10.1177/10434542198495
- Hooke MC, Hatch D, Hockenberry MJ, Whitman S, Moore I, Montgomery D, Marano K, Mitby P, Scheurer ME, Taylor O, Pan W. The longitudinal parallel process analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress, symptom clusters, and cognitive function in children with leukemia. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 2020;37: 244-254. DOI: 10.1177/10434542209097
- Ji YB, Bo CL, Xue XJ, Weng EM, Gao GC, Dai BB, Ding KW, Xu CP. Association of inflammatory cytokines with the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbance in Chinese patients with cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017;54: 843-852. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.05.003
- Ameringer S, Macpherson CF, Jibb L. Symptom science in pediatric oncology. In Pediatric Oncology Nursing Springer, Cham; 2020: 79-93.
- Macpherson CF, Linder LA, Ameringer S, Erickson J, Stegenga K, Woods NF. Feasibility and acceptability of an iPad application to explore symptom clusters in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2014;61: 1996-2003. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25152
- Rodgers C, Hooke MC, Ward J, Linder LA. Symptom clusters in children and adolescents with cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing 2016;32: 394-404. DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2016.08.005
- Xia W, Li HCW, Lam KWK, Chung OKJ, Song P, Chiu SY, Chan CFG, Ho KY. The Impact of hematologic cancer and ıts treatment on physical activity level and quality of life among children in Mainland China: A Descriptive Study. Cancer Nursing 2019;42: 492-500. DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000661
- Kudubeş AA, Bektaş M. Pediatrik onkoloji hastalarında yorgunluğun yaşam kalitesine etkisi. The Journal of Pediatric Research. 2017;4: 96-102. DOI: 10.4274/jpr.63634 (Turkish)
- Van Cleve L, Muñoz CE, Savedra M, Riggs M, Bossert E, Grant M, Adlard MK. Symptoms in children with advanced cancer: Child and nurse reports. Cancer Nursing 2012;35: 115. DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31821aedba
- Linder LA, Newman AR, Stegenga K, Chiu YS, Wawrzynski SE, Kramer H, Weir C, Narus S, Altizer R. Feasibility and acceptability of a game-based symptom-reporting app for children with cancer: perspectives of children and parents. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021;29: 301-310. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05495-w
- Cadamuro SDA, Franco JO, Paiva CE, de Oliveira CZ, Paiva BSR. Symptom screening in pediatrics tool for screening multiple symptoms in Brazilian patients with cancer: A cross-sectional validation study. BMJ 2020;9: e028149. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028149
- Atay S, Conk Z, Bahar Z, Kantar M, Bolışık B. Memorial semptom değerlendirme ölçeği’nin (MSDÖ 10-18) Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Pediatri Bülteni 2007;14: 93-99.(Turkish)
- Çelik R, Kılıçarslan ET, Altay N, Bayram D. The Validity-reliability study of the Turkish version of a symptom screening tool (8-18) in SSPedi-pediatric patients with cancer. The 3rd International Home Care Congress 9-12 November 2021.
- Rodrigues IB, Adachi JD, Beattie KA, MacDermid JC. Development and validation of a new tool to measure the facilitators, barriers, and preferences to exercise in people with osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2017;18: 1-9. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1914-5
- Rosén H, Ahlström G, Lexén A. Psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF among next of kin to older persons in nursing homes. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2020;18: 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01345-9
- Türkoğlu N, Kılıc D. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2021;24: 25-33. DOI: 10.17049/ataunihem.662054 (Turkish)
- Erdem E, Kılıçarslan ET. Lösemisi olan çocuklarda semptom kümelemesi ve ebeveynlerin bakım yükü arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aralık, 2016.(Turkish)
- Johnston DL, Hyslop S, Tomlinson D, Baggott C, Gibson P, Orsey A, Dix D, Price V, Vanan M, Portwine C, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Tomlinson GA, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Describing symptoms using the symptom screening in pediatrics tool in hospitalized children with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Cancer Medicine 2018;7: 1750-1755. DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1433
- Hayran M, Hayran M. Basic Statistics for Health Researchers (1 ed.). Ankara, Art Offset Publishing and Organization: 2011.
- Alpar R. Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik Güvenirlik (4 ed.). Ankara, Detay Publishing: 2016.(Turkish)
- Bradford NK, Chan RJ, Walker R, Herbert A, Cashion C, Tjondronegoro D, Yates P. Adaptation and evaluation of a child-friendly patient-reported outcome measure for use in Australia. Collegian 2021;28: 63-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.05.003
- Sencan H. Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik. Ankara (Turkey), Seçkin Yayıncılık: 2005.(Turkish)
- Erkuş A. Psikolojide Ölçme ve Ölçek Geliştirme - I, Temel Kavramlar ve Işlemler Ankara, Pegem Akademi: 2016, p:144. (Turkish)
- Gillen ZM, Miramonti AA, McKay BD, Leutzinger TJ, Cramer JT. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of athletic performance combine tests in 6–15-year-old male athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2018;32: 2783-2794. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002498
- Senthilnathan S. Usefulness of correlation analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal 3416918 2019. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3416918.
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 827 - 834, 30.09.2024
Rukiye Çelik
,
Ebru Kılıçarslan Törüner
,
Naime Altay
,
Dilek Bayram
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization. Cancer in Children. Accessed [20 August 2021] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer-in-children.
- American Cancer Society. Canser facts & figures. Accessed [14 October 2021] https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2020/cancer-facts-and-figures-2020.pdf.
- National Cancer Institute. Childhood cancer genomics (PDQ®)–health professional version. Accessed [22 August 2021] https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/pediatric-genomics.
- American Cancer Society. (2019). American Cancer Society. What are the differences between cancers in adults and children? Accessed [28 August 2021] http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-in-children/differences-adults-children.
- Diorio C, Kelly KM, Afungchwi GM, Ladas EJ, Marjerrison S. Nutritional traditional and complementary medicine strategies in pediatric cancer: A narrative review. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2020;67: 28324. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28324
- Jebelli A, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Baghbanzadeh A, Mokhtarzadeh A, Tayebi L. Recent developments in targeting genes and pathways by RNAi‐based approaches in colorectal cancer. Medicinal Research Reviews 2021;41: 395-434. DOI: 10.1002/med.21735
- Roila F, Molassiotis A, Herrstedt J, Aapro M, Gralla RJ, Bruera E, Clark-Snow RA, Dupuis LL, Einhom LH, Feyer P, Hesketh PJ, Jordan K, Olver I, Rapoport BL, Roscoe J, Ruhlmann CH, Walsh D, Warr D, Wetering van der M, on behalf of the participants of the MASCC/ESMO Consensus Conference Copenhagen. 2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. Annals of Oncology. 2016;27: 119-133. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw270
- Pinheiro LC, McFatrich M, Lucas N, Walker JS, Withycombe JS, Hinds PS, Sung L, Tomlinson D, Freyer DR, Mack JW, Baker JN, Reeve BB. Child and adolescent self-report symptom measurement in pediatric oncology research: A systematic literature review. Quality of Life Research 2018;27: 291-319. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1692-4
- Rodgers C, Hooke MC, Taylor O, Koerner KM, Mitby P, Moore I, Scheurer ME, Hockenberry MJ, Pan W. Childhood cancer symptom cluster: Leukemia and health-related quality of life. In Oncology Nursing Forum 2019;46: 228. DOI: 10.1188/19.ONF.228-237
- Montgomery KE, Vos K, Raybin JL, Ward J, Balian C, Gilger EA, Li Z. Comparison of child self‐report and parent proxy‐report of symptoms: Results from a longitudinal symptom assessment study of children with advanced cancer. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 2021;26: e12316. DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12316
- Tomlinson D, Dupuis LL, Gibson P, Johnston DL, Portwine C, Baggott C, Spiegler B, Kuczynski S, Macartney G, Sung, L. Initial development of the symptom screening in pediatrics tool (SSPedi). Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(1): 71-75. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-1945-x
- Collins JJ, Byrnes ME, Dunkel IJ, Lapin J, Nadel T, Thaler HT, Polyak T, Rapkin B, Portenoy RK. The measurement of symptoms in children with cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2000;19: 363-377. DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00127-5
- Dupuis LL, Johnston DL, Baggott C, Hyslop S, Tomlinson D, Gibson P, Orsey A, Diz D, Price V, Vanan M, Portwine C, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Tomlinson GA, Sung L. Validation of the symptom screening in pediatrics tool in children receiving cancer treatments. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2018;110: 661-668. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx250
- Baxter AL, Watcha MF, Baxter WV, Leong T, Wyatt MM. Development and validation of a pictorial nausea rating scale for children. Pediatrics 2011;127, 1542-1549. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1410
- Mandrell BN, Yang J, Hooke MC, Wang C, Gattuso JS, Hockenberry M, Jones H, Zupanec S, Hinds PS. Psychometric and clinical assessment of the 13-item reduced version of the Fatigue Scale–Adolescent instrument. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 2011;28: 287-294. DOI: 10.1177/104345421141866
- Linder LA, Hooke MC. Symptoms in children receiving treatment for cancer—Part II: Pain, sadness, and symptom clusters. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 2019;36: 262-279. DOI: 10.1177/10434542198495
- Hooke MC, Hatch D, Hockenberry MJ, Whitman S, Moore I, Montgomery D, Marano K, Mitby P, Scheurer ME, Taylor O, Pan W. The longitudinal parallel process analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress, symptom clusters, and cognitive function in children with leukemia. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 2020;37: 244-254. DOI: 10.1177/10434542209097
- Ji YB, Bo CL, Xue XJ, Weng EM, Gao GC, Dai BB, Ding KW, Xu CP. Association of inflammatory cytokines with the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbance in Chinese patients with cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017;54: 843-852. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.05.003
- Ameringer S, Macpherson CF, Jibb L. Symptom science in pediatric oncology. In Pediatric Oncology Nursing Springer, Cham; 2020: 79-93.
- Macpherson CF, Linder LA, Ameringer S, Erickson J, Stegenga K, Woods NF. Feasibility and acceptability of an iPad application to explore symptom clusters in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2014;61: 1996-2003. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25152
- Rodgers C, Hooke MC, Ward J, Linder LA. Symptom clusters in children and adolescents with cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing 2016;32: 394-404. DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2016.08.005
- Xia W, Li HCW, Lam KWK, Chung OKJ, Song P, Chiu SY, Chan CFG, Ho KY. The Impact of hematologic cancer and ıts treatment on physical activity level and quality of life among children in Mainland China: A Descriptive Study. Cancer Nursing 2019;42: 492-500. DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000661
- Kudubeş AA, Bektaş M. Pediatrik onkoloji hastalarında yorgunluğun yaşam kalitesine etkisi. The Journal of Pediatric Research. 2017;4: 96-102. DOI: 10.4274/jpr.63634 (Turkish)
- Van Cleve L, Muñoz CE, Savedra M, Riggs M, Bossert E, Grant M, Adlard MK. Symptoms in children with advanced cancer: Child and nurse reports. Cancer Nursing 2012;35: 115. DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31821aedba
- Linder LA, Newman AR, Stegenga K, Chiu YS, Wawrzynski SE, Kramer H, Weir C, Narus S, Altizer R. Feasibility and acceptability of a game-based symptom-reporting app for children with cancer: perspectives of children and parents. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021;29: 301-310. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05495-w
- Cadamuro SDA, Franco JO, Paiva CE, de Oliveira CZ, Paiva BSR. Symptom screening in pediatrics tool for screening multiple symptoms in Brazilian patients with cancer: A cross-sectional validation study. BMJ 2020;9: e028149. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028149
- Atay S, Conk Z, Bahar Z, Kantar M, Bolışık B. Memorial semptom değerlendirme ölçeği’nin (MSDÖ 10-18) Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Pediatri Bülteni 2007;14: 93-99.(Turkish)
- Çelik R, Kılıçarslan ET, Altay N, Bayram D. The Validity-reliability study of the Turkish version of a symptom screening tool (8-18) in SSPedi-pediatric patients with cancer. The 3rd International Home Care Congress 9-12 November 2021.
- Rodrigues IB, Adachi JD, Beattie KA, MacDermid JC. Development and validation of a new tool to measure the facilitators, barriers, and preferences to exercise in people with osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2017;18: 1-9. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1914-5
- Rosén H, Ahlström G, Lexén A. Psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF among next of kin to older persons in nursing homes. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2020;18: 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01345-9
- Türkoğlu N, Kılıc D. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2021;24: 25-33. DOI: 10.17049/ataunihem.662054 (Turkish)
- Erdem E, Kılıçarslan ET. Lösemisi olan çocuklarda semptom kümelemesi ve ebeveynlerin bakım yükü arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aralık, 2016.(Turkish)
- Johnston DL, Hyslop S, Tomlinson D, Baggott C, Gibson P, Orsey A, Dix D, Price V, Vanan M, Portwine C, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Tomlinson GA, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Describing symptoms using the symptom screening in pediatrics tool in hospitalized children with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Cancer Medicine 2018;7: 1750-1755. DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1433
- Hayran M, Hayran M. Basic Statistics for Health Researchers (1 ed.). Ankara, Art Offset Publishing and Organization: 2011.
- Alpar R. Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik Güvenirlik (4 ed.). Ankara, Detay Publishing: 2016.(Turkish)
- Bradford NK, Chan RJ, Walker R, Herbert A, Cashion C, Tjondronegoro D, Yates P. Adaptation and evaluation of a child-friendly patient-reported outcome measure for use in Australia. Collegian 2021;28: 63-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.05.003
- Sencan H. Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik. Ankara (Turkey), Seçkin Yayıncılık: 2005.(Turkish)
- Erkuş A. Psikolojide Ölçme ve Ölçek Geliştirme - I, Temel Kavramlar ve Işlemler Ankara, Pegem Akademi: 2016, p:144. (Turkish)
- Gillen ZM, Miramonti AA, McKay BD, Leutzinger TJ, Cramer JT. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of athletic performance combine tests in 6–15-year-old male athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2018;32: 2783-2794. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002498
- Senthilnathan S. Usefulness of correlation analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal 3416918 2019. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3416918.