Adsorption of neutral red dye from aqueous solutions by natural adsorbent: an equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study

Abstract

This study investigates the adsorption of neutral red (NR) on the natural clayey material of Adilcevaz/ Bitlis located the northwest of Van Lake in Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). The adsorbent used was characterized by XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM and TG-DTA analyzes. The effect of various parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature on NR removal was investigated using a batch process to optimize the maximum adsorption conditions. Equilibrium data for NR adsorption were analyzed using nonlinear two-parameter isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Tempkin, and three-parameter isotherm models, such as nonlinear Redlich-Peterson, Sips, and Koble-Corrigan. The modelling results showed that it was best adapted to the Freundlich isotherm model for the NR dye, with relatively higher R² values and smaller S.E. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the experimental data was determined to be 4.2810 mg g^-1. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0110 g mg^-1 min^-1. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that a physical mechanism controls the NR adsorption on the natural clay and spontaneously occurs.

Keywords

• Adsorption
• dye
• natural clay
• non-linear isotherm models
• thermodynamic
• kinetic

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