MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS of Nannospalax leucodon (Nordmann, 1840) with 2n=60 DISTRIBUTED in CENTRAL ANATOLIA

Year 2016, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 33 - 55, 01.06.2016

Engin Selvi Teoman Kankılıç Perinçek Seçkinozan Şeker , Ercüment Çolak

https://doi.org/10.1501/Commuc_0000000185

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, distribution areas of populations with different NF values (76, 78, 80, 82 and 84) belonging to 2n= 60 chromosomal forms of Nannospalax leucodon widely distributed in Central Anatolia were examined by using traditional morphometry. When findings from this study and other results obtained from previous karyological studies were evaluated together, it was observed that populations with different NF values were not randomly distributed in Central Anatolia. It was determined that the populations with NF= 80 value had the widest distribution and is mostly distributed in the center of Central Anatolia. It was seen that the populations with NF=76 and NF=78 values were found as small populations in northern and southern border of distribution area of the populations with NF=80. It was observed that populations having bigger NF values (NF=82 and 84) present as small populations in western border of the main populations with NF=80. Among populations having different NF values, 8 of the 34 morphometric characters were statistically significant among females of different populations, while 25 of those in male showed significant difference. Statistically, the mean values of 34 morphometric characters were found as highly important by MANOVA. The populations with different NF values distributed in different geographic areas in Central Anatolia were separated in CVA analysis and particularly populations in western parts of Central Anatolia were grouped separately than others

Keywords

Nannospalax leucodon, Morphometry, Central Anatolia, Turkey

References

• [1] S. Gözenç, E. Gümüş ve G. Ertin, Türkiye Coğrafyası. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları: 1069 (1998) 1-13.
• [2] P.H. Davis, Disribution Patterns in Anatolia with particular Reference to Endemism, in Davis, Edit. Harper and Hedge, PlantLife of SW Asia, (1971) 15-27.
• [3] B. Çıplak, Türkiye Tettigoniidlerinin Anadolu Diyagonaline Göre Yayılışları ve Hareket Yeteneği (Kanat Uzunluğu) ile İlişkisi. II. Ulusal Entomoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 28-31 Ocak 1992, Adana, (1992) 373- 385.
• [4] B. Çıplak, A. Demirsoy, and A.N. Bozcuk, Distribution of Orthoptera in Relation to the Anatolian Diagonal in Turkey. Articulata, 8(1): (1993) 1-20.
• [5] R. Bilgin, Back to the Suture: The distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity in and around Anatolia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12, (2011), 4080- 4103.
• [6] I. Savic, and B. Soldatovic, Distribution Range and Evolution of the Chromosomal Forms in the Spalacidae of the Balkan Peninsula and Bordering Regions. J. Biogeography, (1979), 6: 363-374.
• [7] E. Kıvanç, Türkiye Spalax’larının Coğrafik Varyasyonları. Ankara 72 (1988), 88 Sayfa.
• [8] M.D. Gülkaç, E. Yüksel, Türkiye’deki Spalax Tür ve Alttürlerinin Dağılımına ve Türleşmesine Coğrafik İzolasyonun Etkisi. Tr. J. of Zoology 23 (1999) Ek Sayı 2, 491-496.
• [9] A.M.C. Şengör, and Y. Yilmaz, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75, (1981) 181–241.
• [10] N. Görür, F.Y. Oktay, I. Seymen, and A.M.C. Şengör, Palaeotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure. In: Dixon, J.E., Robertson, A.H.F. (Eds.), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society Special Publication No. 17. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp. (1984) 467–482.
• [11] W.W. Hay, R. DeConto, C.N. Wold, K.M. Wilson, S. Voigt, M. Schulz, A. Wold-Rossby, W.-C. Dullo, A.B. Ronov, A.N. Baluk-hovsky, E. Soeding, Alternative global cretaceous paleogeography. In: Barrera, E., Johnson, C. (Eds.), The Evolution of Cretaceous Ocean/Climate Systems. Geological Society of America Special Paper 332, (1999) pp. 1–47.
• [12] T. Hrbek, K.N. Stölting, F. Bardakci, F. Küçük, R.H. Wildekamp, and A. Meyer, Plate tectonics and biogeographical patterns of the Pseudophoxinus (Pisces: Cypriniformes) species complex of central Anatolia, Turkey. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32 (2004) 297–308.
• [13] T. Hrbek, F. Küçük, T. Frickey, K.N. Stölting, R.H. Wildekamp, A. Meyer, Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Aphanius (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes) species complex of central Anatolia, Turkey. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 25, (2002) 125–137.
• [14] D.W. Weisrock, J.R. Macey, I.H. Ugurtas, A. Larson, and T.J. Papenfuss, Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography among salamandrids of the true salamander clade: rapid branching of numerous highly divergent lineages in Mertensiella luschani associated with the rise of Anatolia. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 18, (2001) 434–448.
• [15] N. Yiğit, E. Çolak, M. Sözen, A. Karataş, Rodents of Türkiye, Meteksan Press, (2006) 154 pages.
• [16] İ. Gündüz, M. Jaarola, C. Tez, C. Yeniyurt, P.D. Polly, and J.B. Searle, Multigenic and morphometric differentiation of ground squirrels (Spermophilus, Scuiridae, Rodentia) in Turkey, with a description of a new species. Molecular Phylogenetetics and Evolution, 43; (2007) 916- 935.
• [17] B. Kryštufek, and V. Vohralík, Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus. Rodentia I: Sciuridae, Dipodidae, Gliridae, Arvicolinae, 292 p, (2005) Založba Annales, Koper.
• [18] Ç. H. Şekercioğlu, S. Anderson, E. Akçay, R. Bilgin, Ö. E. Can, G. Semiz, Ç. Tavşanoğlu, M. B. Yokeş, A. Soyumert, K. İpekdal, İ. K. Sağlam, M. Yücel, H. N. Dalfes, Turkey’s globally important biodiversity in crisis, Biological Conversation 144 (2011) 2752-2769.
• [19] M. Sözen, A karyological study on subterranean mole rats of the Spalax leucodon Nordmann, 1840 superspecies in Turkey. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 69, (2004) 420-429.
• [20] T. Kankılıç, E. Çolak, R. Çolak, and N. Yiğit, Allozyme variation in Spalax leucodon Nordmann, 1840 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) in the area between Ankara and Beyşehir. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 29, (2005) 377-384.
• [21] E. Ivanitskaya, M. Sözen, L. Rashkovetsky, F. Matur, and E. Nevo, Discrimination of 2n=60 Spalax leucodon cytotypes (Spalacidae, Rodentia) in Turkey by means of classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Cytogenet Genome Res. 122, (2008) 139-149.
• [22] T. Kankılıç, E. Çolak, and T. Kankılıç, Macro-Anatomical and Karyological Features of Two Blind Mole Rat Subspecies (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 38, (2009) 145-153.
• [23] T. Kankılıç, Türkiye’deki Spalax leucodon cilicicus Mehely, 1909 ve Spalax leucodon anatolicus Mehely, 1909 Alttürleri Arasında Genetik Farklılıkların Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, 198s., Ankara, (2010).
• [24] M. Sözen, K. Çataklı, F. Eroğlu, F. Matur, and M. Sevindik, Distribution of chromosomal forms of Nannospalax nehringi (Satunin, 1898) (Rodentia: Sapalacidae) in Çankırı and Çorum provinces, Turkey. Turk J Zool 35(3) (2011) 367-374.
• [25] T. Kankılıç, T. Kankılıç, M. Sözen, and E. Çolak, Genetic diversity and geographic variation of chromosomal races of Nannospalax xanthodon (Nordmann, 1840) and Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring, 1898) from Turkey, revealed by RAPD analysis. Acta zool. bulg., 65 (1), (2013) 45-58.
• [26] M. Sözen, F. Çolak, M. Sevindik, and F. Matur, Cytotypes of Nannospalax xanthodon (Satunin, 1898) (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from western Anatolia. Turk J Zool 37: (2013) 462-469.
• [27] T. Kankılıç, T. Kankılıç, P. S. Şeker, and E. Kıvanç, Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance. Turk J Zool. 38: (2014) 144-157.
• [28] M. Sözen, F. Çolak, M. Sevindik, and F. Matur, Two new cytotypes and additional karyological records for blind mole rats, Nannospalax xanthodon and N. ehrenbergi (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Turkey. Folia Zool. – 64 (2): (2015) 167-172.
• [29] G. Yürümez, Y. Çoşkun, Morphological and karyological characterictics of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Nehring, 1898) (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Mardin Province. C.B.U Journal of Sciences 1.1 (2005) 29-36.
• [30] Y. Çoşkun, Z. A. Hamad, A. Kaya, Morphological properties of Nannospalax (Rodentia: Spalacidae) distributed in North Iraq, Hacettepe J. Biol & Chem. (2016), 44 (2), 173-179.
• [31] SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows. www.spss.com. (1989-2007).
• [32] STATISTICA (data analysis software system),version 7.1. www.statsoft.com. (2005).
• [33] J. Hintze, PAST Kaysville, Utah: NCSS, (2008).
• [34] J.F. Rohlf, NTSYS-pc, Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System, Exeter Publishing, Setauket, N.Y. (1993).
• [35] E. Nevo, M.G. Filipucci, C.D. Redi, S. Simson, G. Heth, and A. Beiles, Karyotype and genetic evolution in speciation of subterranean mole rats of the genus Spalax in Turkey. Evol. J. Linn. Soc. 54, (1995) 203–229.
• [36] E. Nevo, M.G. Filipucci, C.D. Redi, A. Korol and A. Beiles, Chromosomal speciation and adaptive radiation of mole-rats in Asia Minor correlated with increased ecological stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: (1994) 8160-8164.