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COI gene analyses of the Daghestan pine vole (Microtus daghestanicus Shidlovsky, 1919) population from northeastern Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 177 - 186, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53447/communc.1133489

Öz

Daghestan pine vole (Microtus daghestanicus Shidlovsky, 1919) is spread in Caucasia, Turkey and Northwestern Iran and distribution of this species is limited to Northeastern Anatolia in Turkey. Few molecular studies on M. daghestanicus have been performed so far, and it was analysed in this study with the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) region and compared with other Terricola species (Microtus subterraneus and Microtus majori) and other Microtus species found in its distribution area (Microtus arvalis and Microtus mystacinus). For this purpose, mean genetic distance values and fixation index values were calculated. Also, Bayesian Inference tree and Median-joining network were constructed. The acquired results showed that M. daghestanicus was clearly separated in the Pleistocene Period and was closer to M subterraneus than M. majori in the subgenus Terricola.

Teşekkür

I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Nuri YİĞİT and Prof. Dr. Ercüment ÇOLAK (Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department) who helped for the collection of specimens.

Kaynakça

  • Kefelioğlu, H., Krystufek, B., The taxonomy of Microtus socialis group (Rodentia: Microtinae) in Turkey, with the description of a new species, Journal of Natural History, 33 (1999), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399300425.
  • Krystufek, B., Kefelioğlu, H., Redescription and species limits of Microtus irani Thomas, 1921, and description of a new social vole from Turkey (Mammalia: Arvicolidae), Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 50 (2002), 1–14.
  • Jaarola, M., Martinkova, N., Gündüz, İ., Brunhoff, C., Zima, J., Nadachowski, A., Amori, G., Bulatova, N.S., Chondropoulos, B., Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S., Gonzalez-Esteban, J., Lopez-Fustewr, M.J., Kandaurov, A.S., Kefelioğlu, H., Luz Mathias, M., Villate, I., Searle, J.B., Molecular phylogeny of the speciose vole genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33 (2004), 647-663. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.015.
  • Markov, G., Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Kocheva, M., Gospodinova, M., Intraspecific epigenetic polymorphism of the East European vole (Microtus levis Miller, 1908) in South-eastern Europe and Turkey, Biologia, 69 (2014), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0288-x.
  • Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Sözen, M., A new species of voles, Microtus elbeyli sp. nov., from Turkey with taxonomicoverview of social voles distributed in southeastern Anatolia, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40 (2016), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1404-19.
  • Yiğit, N., Çetintürk, D., Çolak, E., Phylogenetic assessment of voles of the Guentheri group (Mammalia: Microtus) in Turkish Thrace and Western Anatolia, The European Zoological Journal, 84 (2017), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2017.1317041.
  • Çetintürk, D., Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Markov, G., Cirovic, D., Márton, M., Inferring phylogenetic relationships in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence diversities, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 45 (2021), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2008-3.
  • Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Karataş, A., Rodents of Türkiye: Türkiye Kemiricileri, Meteksan Company, Ankara, 2006.
  • Wilson, D.E., Lacher, T.E., Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.), Handbook of The Mammals of The World: Rodents II., Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2017.
  • Niethammer, J., & Krapp, F. (Eds.), Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas (Vol. 2), Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden, 1982.
  • Ellerman, J.R., Morrison-Scott, T.C.S., Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals, 2ed ed. British Museum of Natural History, Alden Press, London, 1965.
  • Baskevich, M.I., Krysanov, E.Y., Malygin, V.M., Sapel’nikov, S.F., New data on the chromosomal variability in the pine vole (Microtus (Terricola) subterraneus, Rodentia, Arvicolidae) from the territory of Russia and Ukraine, Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 86 (2007), 369-376.
  • Baskevich, M.I., Potapov, S.G., Khlyap, L.A., Okulova, N.M., Ashibokov, U.M., Grigoriev, M.P., Dzagurova, T.K., Chromosomal and molecular studies of cryptic species of the subgenus Terricola (Rodentia, Arvicolinae, Microtus) in the Caucasian region: Analysis of new records, Biology Bulletin, 43 (2016), 1120-1128. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016090016.
  • Bogdanov, A.S., Khlyap, L.A., Kefelioğlu, H., Selçuk, A.Y., Stakheev, V.V., Baskevich, M.I., High molecular variability in three pine vole species of the subgenus Terricola (Microtus, Arvicolinae) and plausible source of polymorphism, Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59 (2021), 2519-2538. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12539.
  • Hebert, P.D., Ratnasingham, S., de Waard, J.R., Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 270 (2003), 96-99. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025.
  • Waugh, J., DNA barcoding in animal species: progress, potential and pitfalls, BioEssays, 29 (2007), 188-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20529.
  • Pfunder, M., Holzgang, O., Frey, J.E., Development of microarray‐based diagnostics of voles and shrews for use in biodiversity monitoring studies, and evaluation of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I vs. cytochrome b as genetic markers, Molecular Ecology, 13 (2004): 1277-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02126.x.
  • Zardoya, R., Meyer, A., Phylogenetic performance of mitochondrial protein-coding genes in resolving relationships among vertebrates, Molecular biology and evolution, 13 (1996), 933-942. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025661.
  • Partridge, M.A., Davidson, M.M., Hei, T.K., The complete nucleotide sequence of Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) mitochondrial DNA: Full Length Research Article, DNA Sequence, 18 (2007), 341-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170601101287
  • Jiang, X., Gao, J., Ni, L., Hu, J., Li, K., Sun, F., Xie, J., Bo, X., Gao, C., Xiao, J., Zhou, Y., The complete mitochondrial genome of Microtus fortis calamorum (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) and its phylogenetic analysis, Gene, 498 (2012), 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.022.
  • Montaser, M.M., Mahmoud, S.F., DNA-typing for Cytochrome Oxidase-1 of Hystrix indica (Rodentia; Hystricidae) from Kingdom Saudi Arabia, Life Science Journal, 10 (2013).
  • Li, J., Zheng, X., Cai, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, M., Yue, B., Li, J., DNA barcoding of Murinae (Rodentia: Muridae) and Arvicolinae (Rodentia: Cricetidae) distributed in China, Molecular Ecology Resources, 15 (2014), 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12279.
  • Robins, J.H., Hingston, M., Matisoo-Smith, E., Ross, H.A., Identifying Rattus species using mitochondrial DNA, Molecular Ecology Notes, 7 (2007), 717-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01752.x.
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K., MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms, Molecular biology and evolution, 35 (2018), 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  • Hamming, R. W., Error detecting and error correcting codes, The Bell system technical journal, 29 (1950), 147-160.
  • Rozas, J., Ferrer-Mata, A., Sánchez-DelBarrio, J.C., Guirao-Rico, S., Librado, P., Ramos-Onsins, S.E., Sánchez-Gracia, A., DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets, Molecular biology and evolution, 34 (2017), 3299-3302.
  • Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A., Huelsenbeck, J.P., MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space, Systematic Biology, 61 (2012), 539-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029.
  • Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H., Yano, T.A., Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA, Journal of molecular evolution, 22 (1985), 160-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02101694.
  • Posada, D., jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular biology and evolution, 25 (2008), 1253-1256. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083.
  • Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R., Posada, D., jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing, Nature methods, 9 (2012), 772-772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109.
  • Leigh, J.W., Bryant, D., Popart: full‐feature software for haplotype network construction, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6 (2015), 1110-1116. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12410.
  • Drummond, A.J., Rambaut, A., BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7 (2007), 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-214.
  • Avise, J.C., Walker, D., Johns, G.C., Speciation durations and Pleistocene effects on vertebrate phylogeography, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 265 (1998), 1707–1712. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0492.
  • Bradley, R.D., Baker, R.J., A test of the genetic species concept: cytochrome-b sequences and mammals, Journal of Mammalogy, 82 (2001), 960-973. https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0960:ATOTGS>2.0.CO;2.
  • Baker, R.J., Bradley, R.D., Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept, Journal of Mammalogy, 87 (2006), 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-F-038R2.1.
  • Wright, S., Evolution and The Genetics of Populations: A Treatise in Four Volumes: Vol. 4: Variability within and among Natural Populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1978.
  • Klaus, M., Moore, R.E., Vyse, E., Microgeographic variation in allozymes and mitochondrial DNA of Microtus richardsoni, the water vole, in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming, USA., Canadian journal of zoology, 79 (2001), 1286-1295. https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-082
  • Heckel, G., Burri, R., Fink, S., Desmet, J.F., Excoffier, L., Genetic structure and colonization processes in European populations of the common vole, Microtus arvalis, Evolution, 59 (2005), 2231-2242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00931.x
  • Sheremetyeva, I.N., Kartavtseva, I.V., Frisman, L.V., Vasil’eva, T.V., Adnagulova, A.V., Polymorphism and genetic structure of Microtus maximowiczii (Schrenck, 1858)(Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the middle Amur River region as inferred from sequencing of the mtDNA control region., Russian Journal of Genetics, 51 (2015), 992-999. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795415100166
  • Çetintürk, D., Yiğit, N., Castiglia, R., Senczuk, G., Çolak, E., Comparative genetic research on Microtus mystacinus (de Filippi, 1865) distributed in Asia and Europe inferred from mitochondrial (CYTB and COXI) and nuclear (IRBP) gene regions., Animal Biology, 1 (2022), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10084
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 177 - 186, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53447/communc.1133489

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Kefelioğlu, H., Krystufek, B., The taxonomy of Microtus socialis group (Rodentia: Microtinae) in Turkey, with the description of a new species, Journal of Natural History, 33 (1999), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399300425.
  • Krystufek, B., Kefelioğlu, H., Redescription and species limits of Microtus irani Thomas, 1921, and description of a new social vole from Turkey (Mammalia: Arvicolidae), Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 50 (2002), 1–14.
  • Jaarola, M., Martinkova, N., Gündüz, İ., Brunhoff, C., Zima, J., Nadachowski, A., Amori, G., Bulatova, N.S., Chondropoulos, B., Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S., Gonzalez-Esteban, J., Lopez-Fustewr, M.J., Kandaurov, A.S., Kefelioğlu, H., Luz Mathias, M., Villate, I., Searle, J.B., Molecular phylogeny of the speciose vole genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33 (2004), 647-663. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.015.
  • Markov, G., Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Kocheva, M., Gospodinova, M., Intraspecific epigenetic polymorphism of the East European vole (Microtus levis Miller, 1908) in South-eastern Europe and Turkey, Biologia, 69 (2014), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0288-x.
  • Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Sözen, M., A new species of voles, Microtus elbeyli sp. nov., from Turkey with taxonomicoverview of social voles distributed in southeastern Anatolia, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40 (2016), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1404-19.
  • Yiğit, N., Çetintürk, D., Çolak, E., Phylogenetic assessment of voles of the Guentheri group (Mammalia: Microtus) in Turkish Thrace and Western Anatolia, The European Zoological Journal, 84 (2017), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2017.1317041.
  • Çetintürk, D., Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Markov, G., Cirovic, D., Márton, M., Inferring phylogenetic relationships in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence diversities, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 45 (2021), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2008-3.
  • Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Karataş, A., Rodents of Türkiye: Türkiye Kemiricileri, Meteksan Company, Ankara, 2006.
  • Wilson, D.E., Lacher, T.E., Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.), Handbook of The Mammals of The World: Rodents II., Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2017.
  • Niethammer, J., & Krapp, F. (Eds.), Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas (Vol. 2), Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden, 1982.
  • Ellerman, J.R., Morrison-Scott, T.C.S., Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals, 2ed ed. British Museum of Natural History, Alden Press, London, 1965.
  • Baskevich, M.I., Krysanov, E.Y., Malygin, V.M., Sapel’nikov, S.F., New data on the chromosomal variability in the pine vole (Microtus (Terricola) subterraneus, Rodentia, Arvicolidae) from the territory of Russia and Ukraine, Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 86 (2007), 369-376.
  • Baskevich, M.I., Potapov, S.G., Khlyap, L.A., Okulova, N.M., Ashibokov, U.M., Grigoriev, M.P., Dzagurova, T.K., Chromosomal and molecular studies of cryptic species of the subgenus Terricola (Rodentia, Arvicolinae, Microtus) in the Caucasian region: Analysis of new records, Biology Bulletin, 43 (2016), 1120-1128. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016090016.
  • Bogdanov, A.S., Khlyap, L.A., Kefelioğlu, H., Selçuk, A.Y., Stakheev, V.V., Baskevich, M.I., High molecular variability in three pine vole species of the subgenus Terricola (Microtus, Arvicolinae) and plausible source of polymorphism, Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59 (2021), 2519-2538. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12539.
  • Hebert, P.D., Ratnasingham, S., de Waard, J.R., Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 270 (2003), 96-99. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025.
  • Waugh, J., DNA barcoding in animal species: progress, potential and pitfalls, BioEssays, 29 (2007), 188-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20529.
  • Pfunder, M., Holzgang, O., Frey, J.E., Development of microarray‐based diagnostics of voles and shrews for use in biodiversity monitoring studies, and evaluation of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I vs. cytochrome b as genetic markers, Molecular Ecology, 13 (2004): 1277-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02126.x.
  • Zardoya, R., Meyer, A., Phylogenetic performance of mitochondrial protein-coding genes in resolving relationships among vertebrates, Molecular biology and evolution, 13 (1996), 933-942. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025661.
  • Partridge, M.A., Davidson, M.M., Hei, T.K., The complete nucleotide sequence of Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) mitochondrial DNA: Full Length Research Article, DNA Sequence, 18 (2007), 341-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170601101287
  • Jiang, X., Gao, J., Ni, L., Hu, J., Li, K., Sun, F., Xie, J., Bo, X., Gao, C., Xiao, J., Zhou, Y., The complete mitochondrial genome of Microtus fortis calamorum (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) and its phylogenetic analysis, Gene, 498 (2012), 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.022.
  • Montaser, M.M., Mahmoud, S.F., DNA-typing for Cytochrome Oxidase-1 of Hystrix indica (Rodentia; Hystricidae) from Kingdom Saudi Arabia, Life Science Journal, 10 (2013).
  • Li, J., Zheng, X., Cai, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, M., Yue, B., Li, J., DNA barcoding of Murinae (Rodentia: Muridae) and Arvicolinae (Rodentia: Cricetidae) distributed in China, Molecular Ecology Resources, 15 (2014), 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12279.
  • Robins, J.H., Hingston, M., Matisoo-Smith, E., Ross, H.A., Identifying Rattus species using mitochondrial DNA, Molecular Ecology Notes, 7 (2007), 717-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01752.x.
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K., MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms, Molecular biology and evolution, 35 (2018), 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  • Hamming, R. W., Error detecting and error correcting codes, The Bell system technical journal, 29 (1950), 147-160.
  • Rozas, J., Ferrer-Mata, A., Sánchez-DelBarrio, J.C., Guirao-Rico, S., Librado, P., Ramos-Onsins, S.E., Sánchez-Gracia, A., DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets, Molecular biology and evolution, 34 (2017), 3299-3302.
  • Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A., Huelsenbeck, J.P., MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space, Systematic Biology, 61 (2012), 539-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029.
  • Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H., Yano, T.A., Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA, Journal of molecular evolution, 22 (1985), 160-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02101694.
  • Posada, D., jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular biology and evolution, 25 (2008), 1253-1256. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083.
  • Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R., Posada, D., jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing, Nature methods, 9 (2012), 772-772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109.
  • Leigh, J.W., Bryant, D., Popart: full‐feature software for haplotype network construction, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6 (2015), 1110-1116. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12410.
  • Drummond, A.J., Rambaut, A., BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7 (2007), 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-214.
  • Avise, J.C., Walker, D., Johns, G.C., Speciation durations and Pleistocene effects on vertebrate phylogeography, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 265 (1998), 1707–1712. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0492.
  • Bradley, R.D., Baker, R.J., A test of the genetic species concept: cytochrome-b sequences and mammals, Journal of Mammalogy, 82 (2001), 960-973. https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0960:ATOTGS>2.0.CO;2.
  • Baker, R.J., Bradley, R.D., Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept, Journal of Mammalogy, 87 (2006), 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-F-038R2.1.
  • Wright, S., Evolution and The Genetics of Populations: A Treatise in Four Volumes: Vol. 4: Variability within and among Natural Populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1978.
  • Klaus, M., Moore, R.E., Vyse, E., Microgeographic variation in allozymes and mitochondrial DNA of Microtus richardsoni, the water vole, in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming, USA., Canadian journal of zoology, 79 (2001), 1286-1295. https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-082
  • Heckel, G., Burri, R., Fink, S., Desmet, J.F., Excoffier, L., Genetic structure and colonization processes in European populations of the common vole, Microtus arvalis, Evolution, 59 (2005), 2231-2242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00931.x
  • Sheremetyeva, I.N., Kartavtseva, I.V., Frisman, L.V., Vasil’eva, T.V., Adnagulova, A.V., Polymorphism and genetic structure of Microtus maximowiczii (Schrenck, 1858)(Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the middle Amur River region as inferred from sequencing of the mtDNA control region., Russian Journal of Genetics, 51 (2015), 992-999. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795415100166
  • Çetintürk, D., Yiğit, N., Castiglia, R., Senczuk, G., Çolak, E., Comparative genetic research on Microtus mystacinus (de Filippi, 1865) distributed in Asia and Europe inferred from mitochondrial (CYTB and COXI) and nuclear (IRBP) gene regions., Animal Biology, 1 (2022), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10084
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Derya Çetintürk 0000-0002-1323-4311

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 15 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C-Biology.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.