Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil

Eda Sönmez Gürer; Tutku Tunc

doi:10.17776/csj.1149752

TR EN

Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil

Abstract

In this study; It was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activities and antimicrobial effects of Palmarosa essential oil obtained from Cymbopogon martinii plant. Content analyzes of Palmarosa essential oil were made by Gas Chromatopraphy-Mess Spectrometry (GS-MS). The antimicrobial effects of Palmarosa essential oil were investigated using Disk Diffusion and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) methods. Cytotoxic effects of essential oil at different concentrations in breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate cancer (DU-145) and healthy human fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5) -sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) test. In the disc diffusion method of Palmarosa; against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E. coli, it was observed that the first concentrations formed zone diameters very close to the standard. It has been determined that the antifungal effect against C. albicans is present in the first two concentrations. Palmarosa, in the MIC method; Showed the highest antibacterial effect against B. cereus (MIC: <1.56 µg/ml). It has reached effective MIC values against other bacteria and fungi. In our cytotoxic activity studies; The IC50 value for DU-145 cells was 3.14 ±0.126, 6.29 ±0.56 for MCF-7 and 20.06 ±1.02 for WI-38. The antitumor activity of Palmarosa essential oil was found to be more effective in DU-145 cells, but it was observed that there was no toxicity in WI-38 cell line.

Keywords

Antimicrobial, Cymbopogon martinii, Cytotoxicity, Essential oil

Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil

Abstract

In this study; It was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activities and antimicrobial effects of Palmarosa essential oil obtained from Cymbopogon martinii plant. Content analyzes of Palmarosa essential oil were made by Gas Chromatopraphy-Mess Spectrometry (GS-MS). The antimicrobial effects of Palmarosa essential oil were investigated using Disk Diffusion and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) methods. Cytotoxic effects of essential oil at different concentrations in breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate cancer (DU-145) and healthy human fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5) -sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) test. In the disc diffusion method of Palmarosa; against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E. coli, it was observed that the first concentrations formed zone diameters very close to the standard. It has been determined that the antifungal effect against C. albicans is present in the first two concentrations (200-100 µg/mL). Palmarosa, in the MIC method; Showed the highest antibacterial effect against B. cereus (MIC: <1.56 µg/mL). It has reached effective MIC values against other bacteria and fungi. In our cytotoxic activity studies; The IC50 value for DU-145 cells was 3.14 ±0.126, 6.29 ±0.56 for MCF-7 and 20.06 ±1.02 for WI-38. The antitumor activity of Palmarosa essential oil was found to be more effective in DU-145 cells, but it was observed that there was no toxicity in WI-38 cell line.

Keywords

Antimicrobial, Cymbopogon martinii, Cytotoxicity, Essential oil

References

[1] Bayram E., Kırıcı S., Tansı S., Yılmaz G., Arabacı O., Kızıl S., Telci İ., Possibilities to Increase the Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Turkey Agricultural Eng. 7th Technical Congress, Ankara, Proceedings Book I, (2010) 437-456.
[2] Oussalah M., Caillet S., Saucier L., Lacroix M., Inhibitory Effects of Selected Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of Four Pathogenic Bacteria: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus Aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, Food Control, 18 (2007) 414–420.
[3] Bakkali F., Averbeck S., Averbeck D., Idaomar M., Biological Effects of Essential Oils-A Review, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (2008) 446-475.
[4] Souza E.L.D., Lima E.D.O., Freire K.R.D.L., Sousa C.P.D., Inhibitory Action of Some Essential Oils and Phytochemicals on the Growth of Various Moulds Isolated From Foods, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48 (2005) 245-250.
[5] Burt S., Essential Oils: Their Antibacterial Properties and Potential Applications in Foods: A review, International Journal of Food Microbiology, (94) (2004) 223–253.
[6] Akalın G., Selamoglu Z., Nutrition and Foods for Skin Health, J Pharm Care, 7(1-2) (2019) 31-33.
[7] Selamoglu Z., Polyphenolic Compounds in Human Health with Pharmacological Properties, Journal of Traditional Medicine & Clinical Naturopathy, (2017) 6-4.
[8] Ganjewala D., Cymbopogon Essential Oils: Chemical Compositions and Bioactivities, International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics, (3) (2009) 56-65.
[9] Jain D., Pathak N., Khan S., Raghuram G.V., Bhargava A., Samarth R., Mishra P.K., Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Anticarcinogenic Potential of Mentha Leaf Extracts, International Journal of Toxicology, 30(2) (2011) 225-236.
[10] Raina V.K., Srivastava S.K., Aggarwal K.K., Syamasundar K.V., Khanuja S.P.S., Essential Oil Composition of Cymbopogon martinii From Different Places in India, Flavour Fragr. J., (18) (2003) 312–315.

[11] Chauhan K.N., Semwal M.P., Influence of Various Plant Spacing on Growth, Herbage Yield, Essential Oil Yield and Aroma Content of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii Roxb.) at Different Harvest Under Agro-Climatic Condition of Doon Valley, Journal of Essantial Oil-bearing Plants, 6(20) (2017) 1587-1593.
[12] Çelik E., Çelik G.Y., Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Essential Oils, Orlab On-Line Journal of Microbiology, 2(5) (2007) 1-6.
[13] Toroğlu S., Çenet M., Usage Areas of Some Plants Used for Therapeutic Purposes and Methods Used for Determination of Antimicrobial Activities, KSU. Journal of Science and Engineering, 9(2) (2006) 12-21.
[14] Cowan M.M., Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents, Clinical Microbiology Reviews,12(4) (1999) 564-582.
[15] Kiltie A., Knowles M.A., Selby P.J., Radiotheraphy and Molecular Radiotheraphy Introduction to The Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Oxford University Press, USA, (2005) 414.
[16] Cancer, World Health Organization, https://www.who.int / news-room / fact-sheets / detail / cancer, Retrieved July 20, (2022).
[17] Derbentli S., General Properties of Antimicrobial Substances, Antimicrobial Substances, Gazi Bookstore, Ankara, (2003) 141-142.
[18] CLSI., Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests, Approved Standard, 13th Edition, CLSI document M02, Clinical and Laboratory Standards InstituteClinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Pennsylvania, USA., (2018).
[19] CLSI., Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically, Approved Standard, 9th Edition, CLSI document M07-A9, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Pennsylvania, USA., 2012.
[20] CLSI. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, Approved Standard, 2th Edition, CLSI document M27-A2, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Pennsylvania, USA., 2012.
[21] Kuete V., Potential of Cameroonian Plants and Derived Products Againts Microbial Infections, Planta Med., 76 (2010) 1479–1491.
[22] Awouafack M.D., Mcgaw L.J., Gottfried S., Mbouangouere R., Tane P., Spiteller M., Eloff J.N., Antibicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of the Ethanol Extract, Fractions and Eight Compounds Isolated From Eriosema robustum, BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 13 (2013) 289.
[23] Adukwu E.C., Bowles M., Edwards-Jones V., Bone H., Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity and Chemical Analysis of Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and Pure Citral, Appl. Microbio.l Biotechnol., 100 (2016) 9619–9627.
[24] Tekin A., Kaya E., Yazıcı S., Content Analysis of Cancer-Related Alternative Medicine Web Sites, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 4(6) (2012) 14-34.
[25] Verma R.S., Padalia R.C., Goswami P., Verma S.K., Chauhan A., Singh V.R., Dorakar M.P., Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of p-menthane Chemotype of Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W. Watson (Poaceae) From India, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 30(3) (2018) 182-188.
[26] Bassoléa I.H.N., Lamien-Medab A., Bayalaa B., Obamea L.C., Ilboudoa A.J., Franzb C., Novakb J., Nebiéc R.C., Dickoa M.H., Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus Essential Oils Alone and in Combination, Phytomedicine, 18(12) (2011) 1070–1074.
[27] Khan M.S.A., Ahmad I., In Vitro Antifungal, Anti-elastase and Anti-keratinase Activity of Essential Oils of Cinnamomum, Syzygium and Cymbopogon Species Against Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum, Phytomedicine, 19 (2011) 48-55.
[28] Sharma P.R., Mondhe D.M., Muthiah S., Pal H.C., Shahi A.K., Saxena A.K, Qazi G.N., Anticancer Activity of an Essential Oil From Cymbopogon flexuosus, Chem. Biol. Interact., 179 (2009) 160-168.
[29] Thangam R., Sathuvan M., Poongodi A., Suresh V., Pazhanichamy K., Sivasubramanian S., Kanipandian N., Ganesan N., Rengasamy R., Thirumurugan R., Kannan S., Activation of Intrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway in Cancer Cells by Cymbopogon citratus Polysaccharide Fractions, Carbohydrate Polymers, 107 (2014) 138–150.
[30] Bayala B., Bassole H.N., Maqdasy S., Baron S., Jean J.S., Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus Essential Oils Have Cytotoxic Effects on Tumor Cell Cultures, Identification of Citral as a New Putative Anti-proliferative Molecule, Biochimie, 153 (2018) 162-170.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Eda Sönmez Gürer ^*
0000-0003-0319-6312
Türkiye

Tutku Tunc
0000-0002-8274-9386
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 27, 2022

Submission Date

July 27, 2022

Acceptance Date

October 22, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 43 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1149752

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA44MZ27YL

APA

Sönmez Gürer, E., & Tunc, T. (2022). Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 43(4), 594-599. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1149752

AMA

1.Sönmez Gürer E, Tunc T. Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil. CSJ. 2022;43(4):594-599. doi:10.17776/csj.1149752

Chicago

Sönmez Gürer, Eda, and Tutku Tunc. 2022. “Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon Martinii) Essential Oil”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 43 (4): 594-99. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1149752.

EndNote

Sönmez Gürer E, Tunc T (December 1, 2022) Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 43 4 594–599.

IEEE

[1]E. Sönmez Gürer and T. Tunc, “Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil”, CSJ, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 594–599, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.17776/csj.1149752.

ISNAD

Sönmez Gürer, Eda - Tunc, Tutku. “Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon Martinii) Essential Oil”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 43/4 (December 1, 2022): 594-599. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1149752.

JAMA

1.Sönmez Gürer E, Tunc T. Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil. CSJ. 2022;43:594–599.

MLA

Sönmez Gürer, Eda, and Tutku Tunc. “Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon Martinii) Essential Oil”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, vol. 43, no. 4, Dec. 2022, pp. 594-9, doi:10.17776/csj.1149752.

Vancouver

1.Eda Sönmez Gürer, Tutku Tunc. Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) Essential Oil. CSJ. 2022 Dec. 1;43(4):594-9. doi:10.17776/csj.1149752

Cited By

Biological Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoaggregates Prepared from the Aqueous Extract of Cymbopogon citratus against Candida spp.

Nanomaterials

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13152198

Control of pathogenic bacterial biofilm associated with acne and the anti-inflammatory potential of an essential oil blend

Microbial Pathogenesis

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106834

Antibacterial Effects of Essential Oils on P. aeruginosa, Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, and Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Dog Wounds

Pharmaceuticals

https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17111494

Modulation of growth, essential oil yield, and cytotoxic properties of Cymbopogon martinii through biostimulant application in the sub-humid western Himalayas

BMC Plant Biology

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08243-0

Unveiling the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potency of Palmarosa Essential Oil in the Western Himalayan Region

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

https://doi.org/10.1002/nzc2.70076

As of 2026, Cumhuriyet Science Journal will be published in six issues per year, released in February, April, June, August, October, and December