Evaluation of Irisin Levels in Cancer Anorexia Cachexia Syndrome and the Relationship between Nutrition Education and Quality of Life
Abstract
This study examines the effects of nutritional education given to individuals diagnosed with cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome (CACS) on serum irisin levels, cachectic factors, proinflammatory cytokines, quality of life scale results, and anthropometric and routine biochemical parameters. Forty-one patients diagnosed with CACS were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. Nutrition education was given for 12 weeks to the patients in the experimental group (n=23), while those in the control group (n=18) were not subjected to any intervention. All participants’ serum irisin, proteolysis-inducing factor, zinc-α-2 glycoprotein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, routine biochemical parameters, and body weight were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The patients were also evaluated in terms of 24-hour recall food intake, body mass index, and quality of life scale values. No significant differences were observed at baseline between the experimental and control groups in terms of quality of life scale values, cachectic factors, inflammatory cytokines, or irisin levels. However, at the end of the study, hemoglobin levels were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Energy and nutrient intakes were similar between the groups initially, but were higher in the experimental group at the end of the study. Nutrition education did not significantly alter the quality of life scale, BMI, or biochemical parameters. However, education yielded the expected increase in nutrient intake in the experimental group.
Keywords
CACS, QOL, Cachectic factors, Irisin, Inflammatory cytokines.
Supporting Institution
This investigation was funded by the Ordu University Scientific Research Foundation with project number A-2125.
Project Number
ODU BAP A-2125
Ethical Statement
This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Ordu, Turkiye, and was performed under the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics committee approval was received from the Ordu University Local Ethical Committee Under Reference No: 2021/184.
Thanks
Thanks to the Ordu University BAP Unit for their support.
References
- [1] Anand U., Dey A., Chandel A.K.S., Sanyal R., Mishra A., Pandey D.K., De Falco V., Upadhyay A., Kandimalla R., Chaudhary A., Dhanjal J.K., Dewanjee S., Vallamkondu J., Pérez de la Lastra J.M., Cancer chemotherapy and Beyond Current status, drug candidates, associated risks, and progress in targeted therapeutics, Genes Dis., 18(1) (2023) 1367-1401.
- [2] Aoyagi T., Terracina K.P., Raza A., Matsubara H., Takabe K., Cancer cachexia, mechanism, and treatment, World J. Gastrointest Oncol., 7(4) 17-29.
- [3] Law M.L., Cancer Cachexia: Pathophysiology and Association with Cancer-Related Pain, Front. Pain Res. (Lausanne Switz)., 3 (2022) 971295
- [4] Siddiqui J.A, Pothuraju R., Jain M., Batra S.K., Nasser M.W., Advances in cancer cachexia: Intersection between affected organs, mediators, and pharmacological interventions, Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer., 1873(2) (2020) 188359.
- [5] Muliawati Y., Haroen H., Rotty L.W., Cancer anorexia - cachexia syndrome, Acta Med Indones., 44(2) (2012) 154-62.
- [6] Us Altay D., Onder S., Etgu F., Uner A., Noyan T., A newly identified myokine: irisin, and its relationship with chronic spontaneous urticaria and inflammation, Arch Dermatol Res., 315(2023) 437–442.
- [7] Arhire L.I., Mihalache L., Covasa M., Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)., 2(10) (2019) 524.
- [8] Pinar R., Reliability and construct validity of the SF-36 in Turkish cancer patients, Qual Life Res., 14(1) (2005). 259-64.
- [9] Kondrup J., Rasmussen H.H., Hamberg O., Stanga Z., Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials, Clinical Nutrition., 22 (3) (2003) 321-336.
- [10] Ezeoke C.C., Morley J.E., Pathophysiology of anorexia in the cancer cachexia syndrome, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle., 6(4) (2015) 287-302.