Dynamic Rearrangement Events in the Mitogenomes of Gall Inducing Wasps, Diplolepis fructuum and Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Diplolepididae)
Abstract
A gall-inducing wasp Diplolepis, which causes gall-forming on wild roses, is a genus belonging to the small cynipoid family Diplolepididae, modulating host plant tissues to form galls. Here, the complete mitogenome of Diplolepis fructuum was newly sequenced and presented, while D. rosae was assembled and annotated as a third party annotation from the raw genome dataset (the GenBank accession number of CM061911) of D. rosae. The mitogenomes of these gall-inducing wasps were comparatively characterised and their phylogenetic placement among congeneric species were verified. The mitogenome of D. fructuum and D. rosae were 16,133 bp and 16,363 bp in length, with an average 84.10% AT content. The initiation codons of protein-coding genes (PCGs) were ATN-Ile/Met, with the exception of ND4L (TTG-Phe) in both of them, while termination codons were TAA, with the exception of COX2 (TAG) in both mitogenomes, and incomplete T— in ND5 and ND6 in D. fructuum mitogenome. A comparison of the inferred ancestral mitogenome indicated highly differentiated mitogenome architecture in these Diplolepis species, with a total of 11 parsimonious evolutionary steps to explain the observed gene rearrangements. These comprise six reverse transpositions, two transpositions, two inversions, and one shuffling event. The phylogeny provides robust support for the distinctiveness of Diplolepididae and supports the monophyly of each genus and Cynipidae family, while Figitidae occurs as a clade including remaining families.
Keywords
Cynipoidea, Gene rearrangement, Mitochondrial genome, Next generation sequencing, Phylogeny
Supporting Institution
TÜBİTAK
Project Number
123Z065-TÜBİTAK 1001
Thanks
We thank TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, project number 123Z065) for providing financial support.
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