First Electrochemical Monitoring of Bensulide in Aqueous Media via DPV and SWV Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode
Abstract
This study aims to determine the voltammetric determination of Bensulide (BNS), a pesticide that has critical importance to be monitored due to its toxicological and environmental effects. BNS is classified as an organophosphorus herbicide used primarily in agricultural production, attracting attention due to its residue levels in both human and ecological health contexts. No study was found in the literature on the electrochemical determination of BNS. In this context, this study presents an original research analysis of BNS voltammetrically for the first time. The proposed analytical method was carried out by applying differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques on the surface of a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Voltammetric measurements were applied in pH 8.00 phosphate buffer (PBS) medium. In the voltammograms obtained with both techniques, it was observed that BNS gave a well-defined oxidation peak and it was determined that the analytical signals were sensitive to concentration. As a result of standard calibration studies, a wide linearity was obtained in the range of 6.00×10⁻⁷ – 8.00×10⁻⁵ M with DPV technique and in the range of 2.00×10⁻⁶ – 8.00×10⁻⁵ M with SWV. R2 values calculated from the calibration curves were found to be 0.995 for DPV and 0.993 for SWV, respectively. Detection and determination limits were calculated using the classical formulas LOD = 3.3σ/m and LOQ = 10σ/m. The LOD values were 1.99×10⁻⁷ M for DPV and 8.04×10⁻⁷ M for SWV, while the LOQ values were 6.02×10⁻⁷ M and 2.44×10⁻⁶ M, respectively.
Keywords
Electrochemistry, Differential pulse voltammetry, Square wave voltammetry, Glassy carbon electrodes, Bensulide
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