Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode

Gulsu Keles; Cem Erkmen; Sevinç Kurbanoğlu

doi:10.17776/csj.1790629

Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

This study presents a novel, simple, and cost-effective electrochemical method for the sensitive determination of Vandetanib (VAN), a clinically important tyrosine kinase inhibitor, using an unmodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical behavior of VAN was investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) over a wide pH range, an adsorption-controlled irreversible oxidation process involving equal numbers of protons and electrons, indicating a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism. Optimization of experimental parameters, including pH, accumulation time, and accumulation potential, demonstrated that 0.5 M H₂S0₄ (pH 0.3) and an accumulation time of 90 seconds provided optimal analytical performance. The DPV method exhibited excellent linearity between 2×10^-8 M and 1.5×10^-6 M VAN concentrations, with a low detection limit of 5.58×10^-9 M. The proposed approach achieved high repeatability with relative standard deviations below 1.2%. Compared to previously reported methods involving complex electrode modifications, this work emphasizes the practicality of a bare GCE platform, eliminating the need for surface modification or surfactant addition. The method’s simplicity, sensitivity, and environmental friendliness make it a promising alternative for rapid VAN quantification.

Keywords

Anticancer drug, Electrochemical sensor, Glassy carbon electrode, Pharmaceutical analysis, Voltammetry

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sensor Technology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gulsu Keles
0009-0001-4630-4937
Türkiye

Cem Erkmen ^*
0000-0001-5944-3912
Türkiye

Sevinç Kurbanoğlu
0000-0002-7079-7604
Türkiye

Publication Date

February 27, 2026

Submission Date

September 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 13, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 47 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790629

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA72CF86NW

APA

Keles, G., Erkmen, C., & Kurbanoğlu, S. (2026). Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 47(1), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790629

AMA

1.Keles G, Erkmen C, Kurbanoğlu S. Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode. CSJ. 2026;47(1):77-85. doi:10.17776/csj.1790629

Chicago

Keles, Gulsu, Cem Erkmen, and Sevinç Kurbanoğlu. 2026. “Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 (1): 77-85. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790629.

EndNote

Keles G, Erkmen C, Kurbanoğlu S (February 1, 2026) Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 1 77–85.

IEEE

[1]G. Keles, C. Erkmen, and S. Kurbanoğlu, “Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode”, CSJ, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 77–85, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.17776/csj.1790629.

ISNAD

Keles, Gulsu - Erkmen, Cem - Kurbanoğlu, Sevinç. “Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47/1 (February 1, 2026): 77-85. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790629.

JAMA

1.Keles G, Erkmen C, Kurbanoğlu S. Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode. CSJ. 2026;47:77–85.

MLA

Keles, Gulsu, et al. “Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, vol. 47, no. 1, Feb. 2026, pp. 77-85, doi:10.17776/csj.1790629.

Vancouver

1.Gulsu Keles, Cem Erkmen, Sevinç Kurbanoğlu. Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode. CSJ. 2026 Feb. 1;47(1):77-85. doi:10.17776/csj.1790629

As of 2026, Cumhuriyet Science Journal will be published in six issues per year, released in February, April, June, August, October, and December

Electrochemical Determination of Anticancer Drug Vandetanib on Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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