Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights

Sümeyra Kaplan; Burhanettin Çiğdem; Şeyda Figül Gökçe; Hayrettin Yavuz; Halef Okan Dogan

doi:10.17776/csj.1790961

Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease associated with involving metabolic disruptions. Although amino acid metabolism is linked to MS pathophysiology, its role remains unclear. This study investigates alterations in amino acid profiles to identify potential biomarkers for MS. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from MS patients and individuals with pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) as controls. Amino acid concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Compared to controls, MS patients exhibited lower plasma tyrosine levels and higher CSF hydroxylysine and ornithine levels. CSF 3-aminoisobutyric acid and valine correlated positively with lymphocyte/monocyte counts, while CSF β-alanine exhibited inverse correlations. Additionally, CSF β-alanine, homocitrulline, and citrulline were associated with CSF protein levels. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were associated with plasma isoleucine, methionine, citrulline, and threonine—no CSF amino acids correlated with EDSS. Pathway analysis identified significant disruptions in phenylalanine-tyrosine-tryptophan biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, and ubiquinone pathway. Altered amino acid metabolism plays a critical role in MS pathogenesis. The observed correlations between immune cell counts and specific amino acids highlight their involvement in immune activation and neuroinflammation, suggesting that targeting specific molecular networks may offer therapeutic potential

Keywords

Amino acids, Cerebrospinal fluid, LC-MS/MS, Metabolomics, Multiple sclerosis, Plasma

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sümeyra Kaplan This is me
0000-0002-6470-8783
Türkiye

Burhanettin Çiğdem ^*
0000-0003-4941-9497
Türkiye

Şeyda Figül Gökçe
0000-0002-2719-0428
Türkiye

Hayrettin Yavuz
0000-0001-5190-7022
United States

Halef Okan Dogan
0000-0001-8738-0760
Türkiye

Publication Date

February 27, 2026

Submission Date

September 25, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 3, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 47 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790961

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA66MS73TA

APA

Kaplan, S., Çiğdem, B., Gökçe, Ş. F., Yavuz, H., & Dogan, H. O. (2026). Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 47(1), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790961

AMA

1.Kaplan S, Çiğdem B, Gökçe ŞF, Yavuz H, Dogan HO. Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights. CSJ. 2026;47(1):44-54. doi:10.17776/csj.1790961

Chicago

Kaplan, Sümeyra, Burhanettin Çiğdem, Şeyda Figül Gökçe, Hayrettin Yavuz, and Halef Okan Dogan. 2026. “Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 (1): 44-54. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790961.

EndNote

Kaplan S, Çiğdem B, Gökçe ŞF, Yavuz H, Dogan HO (February 1, 2026) Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 1 44–54.

IEEE

[1]S. Kaplan, B. Çiğdem, Ş. F. Gökçe, H. Yavuz, and H. O. Dogan, “Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights”, CSJ, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 44–54, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.17776/csj.1790961.

ISNAD

Kaplan, Sümeyra - Çiğdem, Burhanettin - Gökçe, Şeyda Figül - Yavuz, Hayrettin - Dogan, Halef Okan. “Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47/1 (February 1, 2026): 44-54. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1790961.

JAMA

1.Kaplan S, Çiğdem B, Gökçe ŞF, Yavuz H, Dogan HO. Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights. CSJ. 2026;47:44–54.

MLA

Kaplan, Sümeyra, et al. “Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, vol. 47, no. 1, Feb. 2026, pp. 44-54, doi:10.17776/csj.1790961.

Vancouver

1.Sümeyra Kaplan, Burhanettin Çiğdem, Şeyda Figül Gökçe, Hayrettin Yavuz, Halef Okan Dogan. Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights. CSJ. 2026 Feb. 1;47(1):44-5. doi:10.17776/csj.1790961

As of 2026, Cumhuriyet Science Journal will be published in six issues per year, released in February, April, June, August, October, and December

Amino Acid Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis: Analyzing Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles for Biomarker Discovery and Pathophysiological Insights

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