1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes' DNA Binding Characteristics

Muhammet Çelik; Muhammet Köse

doi:10.17776/csj.1826712

1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes' DNA Binding Characteristics

Abstract

In this study, novel 1,2,3-triazole-based ligands were designed and synthesized to explore their coordination behavior with transition metals and to evaluate the DNA-binding properties of their metal complexes. Two novel 1,2,3-triazole-based compounds (4c, 4d) were created in this work using a click reaction and thoroughly examined using FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were then used to create their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) complexes (5c–8d) and examine their DNA binding characteristics. The ligands and complexes had moderate to strong interactions with DNA, as shown by their binding constants (Kb), which varied from 2.67 to 5.7 ×10⁴ M⁻¹. Compared to the free ligands and Pt(II) complex, the Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ru(II) complexes showed greater binding affinities. Cu(II) complexes displayed a strong hyperchromic effect with a slight red shift (2–3 nm), indicating that groove or electrostatic binding stabilized the DNA helix. A tiny red shift (1–2 nm) and hyperchromicity (29.82–40%) were seen in the titration of Ru(II)( η⁶-p-cymene). When we examined the absorption spectra of Pt(II) and Zn(II) complexes in the absence and presence of DNA, a strong absorption band at 280 nm, indicating π–π* transitions due to the aromatic ring in their structures, appeared in the spectra of the complexes. Fluorescence quenching studies further confirmed the DNA binding behaviour, with compound 4d (Ksv = 6.82 x10⁴ M^-1) and compound 7c (Ksv = 10.33 x10⁴ M⁻¹) showing the highest quenching efficiencies. Compound 8c exhibited a Ksv value of 5.84 × 10⁴ M⁻¹, indicating efficient fluorescence quenching and a notable interaction with DNA. This result suggests that 8c has a considerable affinity toward DNA, supporting its potential as a DNA-binding agent.

Keywords

Click chemistry, DNA binding, Transition metal complexes, 1, 2, 3-Triazole derivatives

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Research Unit

Project Number

2024/8-11D

Thanks

Authors would like to Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Research Unit for financial support for this work (Project number: 2024/8-11D).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Bioinorganic Chemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Muhammet Çelik ^*
0000-0003-1908-1704
Türkiye

Muhammet Köse
0000-0002-4597-0858
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 29, 2026

Submission Date

November 19, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 47 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1826712

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA56LB66MX

APA

Çelik, M., & Köse, M. (2026). 1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 47(3), 469-482. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1826712

AMA

1.Çelik M, Köse M. 1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics. CSJ. 2026;47(3):469-482. doi:10.17776/csj.1826712

Chicago

Çelik, Muhammet, and Muhammet Köse. 2026. “1,2,3-Triazole Ligands and Their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 (3): 469-82. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1826712.

EndNote

Çelik M, Köse M (June 1, 2026) 1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 3 469–482.

IEEE

[1]M. Çelik and M. Köse, “1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics”, CSJ, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 469–482, June 2026, doi: 10.17776/csj.1826712.

ISNAD

Çelik, Muhammet - Köse, Muhammet. “1,2,3-Triazole Ligands and Their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47/3 (June 1, 2026): 469-482. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1826712.

JAMA

1.Çelik M, Köse M. 1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics. CSJ. 2026;47:469–482.

MLA

Çelik, Muhammet, and Muhammet Köse. “1,2,3-Triazole Ligands and Their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, June 2026, pp. 469-82, doi:10.17776/csj.1826712.

Vancouver

1.Muhammet Çelik, Muhammet Köse. 1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes’ DNA Binding Characteristics. CSJ. 2026 Jun. 1;47(3):469-82. doi:10.17776/csj.1826712

As of 2026, Cumhuriyet Science Journal will be published in six issues per year, released in February, April, June, August, October, and December

1,2,3-triazole Ligands and their Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), and Ru(II) Complexes' DNA Binding Characteristics

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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