Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction of Propachlor and Prometryn Herbicides in Soil Samples Prior to Liquid Chromatographic Analysis
Abstract
Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) are the
nano-structured liquids generated from amphiphiles through a self-assembly
process, and constitute an alternative to molecular organic solvents with becoming more environmentally friendly in sample
preparation step. In this study, a SUPRAS-based analytical method has
been proposed for the microextraction of propachlor and prometryn herbicides in
soil samples. The method involved the vortex mixing of the 300 mg of soil
sample with 300 µL of SUPRAS for 8 min, subsequent centrifugation for the phase
separation, and direct analysis of the SUPRAS phase by liquid chromatography
with ultraviolet detection. Under optimal extraction
conditions, the extraction recoveries for the herbicides ranged from 81 to 87 %.
The method detection limits for propachlor and prometryn were 0.07 and 0.01
μg/g, respectively. Relative standard deviations obtained for the herbicides
were less than 8.8 % and 12.1 % for intra-day and inter-day precisions,
respectively. The microextraction of related herbicides from soil samples
collected from the Zonguldak region was carried out efficiently. The recoveries
obtained from spiked soil samples ranged from 80 to 108
%.
Keywords
Supramolecular solvent,microextraction,herbicides,soil samples,liquid chromatography
References
- [1]. Jiménez-Soto J.M., Cárdenas S., Valcárcel M., Evaluation of single-walled carbon nanohorns as sorbent in dispersive micro solid-phase extraction, Anal. Chim. Acta, 714 (2012) 76–81.
- [2]. Masiá A., Vásquez K., Campo J., Picó Y., Assessment of two extraction methods to determine pesticides in soils, sediments and sludges. Application to the Túria River asin, J. Chromatogr. A, 1378 (2015) 19–31.
- [3]. Wang H., Ding J., Ren N., Recent advances in microwave-assisted extraction of trace organic pollutants from food and environmental samples, Trends Anal. Chem., 75 (2016) 197–208.
- [4]. Vazquez-Roig P., Picó Y., Pressurized liquid extraction of organic contaminants in environmental and food samples, Trends Anal. Chem., 71 (2015) 55–64.
- [5]. Asiabi H., Yamini Y., Moradi M., Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil samples via supercritical fluid extraction followed by nanostructured supramolecular solvent microextraction, J. Supercrit. Fluid., 84 (2013) 20–28.
- [6]. Asensio-Ramos M., Hernández-Borges J., Borges-Miquel T.M., Rodríguez-Delgado M.Á., Ionic liquid-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the simultaneous determination of pesticides and metabolites in soils using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1218 (2011) 4808–4816.
- [7]. Tang B., Zhang H., Row K.H., Application of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction and separation of target compounds from various samples, J. Sep. Sci., 38 (2015) 1053–1064.
- [8]. Ballesteros-Gómez A., Sicilia M.D., Rubio S., Supramolecular solvents in the extraction of organic compounds. A review, Anal. Chim. Acta, 677 (2010) 108–130.
- [9]. Ballesteros-Gómez A., Rubio S., Environment-responsive alkanol-based supramolecular solvents: Characterization and potential as restricted access property and mixed-mode extractants, Anal. Chem., 84 (2011) 342–349.
- [10]. Caballero-Casero N., Çabuk H., Martínez-Sagarra G., Devesa J.A., Rubio S., Nanostructured alkyl carboxylic acid-based restricted access solvents: Application to the combined microextraction and cleanup of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mosses, Anal. Chim. Acta, 890 (2015) 124–133.