A research on antioxidant activity evaluation of waste lignocellulosic biomass: optimization using response surface methodology
Abstract
In the present study, lignocellulosic biomass such as corn straw and sorghum were used as raw materials for a new, abundant, low-cost and natural antioxidant source to use in foods or medicinal materials as replacements for synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The effect of extraction temperature, extraction time, solvent volume on extraction yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were investigated and the results obtained by response surface methodology (RSM) were evaluated. Linear and quadratic models were revealed as a result of experiments. The fit of these models with predictions results were tested and optimal condition parameters were investigated. It was seen that different results were obtained because of structural differences between corn straw and sorghum. These results showed that the extraction temperature was the main positive linear effect on extraction yield. The solvent volume and temperature were found to important model terms for total phenol content. For antioxidant activity, the solvent volume was the main linear effect for sorghum where as it has a quadratic effect for corn straw biomass.
Keywords
Lignocellulosic biomass, phenolics, antioxidant activity, response surface methdology
References
- Hall, III.C. :Source of natural antioxidants: oilseeds, nuts, cereals, legumes, animal products and microbial sources. Antioxidants in Food, Practical Applications, J Pokorny, N Yanislhlieva and M Gordon (eds), Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, pp. 169-219 (2001).
- Balasundram N., Sundram, K., Samman. S., Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem., 99 (2006) 191–203.
- Glasser W. G., Thermochemical biomass conversion processes are aimed for bio-fuels. In: Fundamentals of thermochemical biomass conversion, R. P. Overand, T. A. Mile, and L. K. Mudge (Eds.). Elsevier Applied Science Publisher, New York, (1985).
- Icten O., Hydrogen Productıon from Sorghum by Aqueous Phase Reformıng Process, Çukurova University, Master thesis, (2011).
- Cardoso L.M., Montini T.A., Pinheiro S.S., Pinheiro-Sant’Ana H.M., Martino H.S.D., Moreira, A.V.B., Effects of processing with dry heat and wet heat on the antioxidant profile of sorghum. Food Chem., 152 (2014) 210–217.
- Liu H., Ou X., Yuan J., Yan X., Experience of producing natural gas from corn straw in China. Resour Conserv Recy., 135 (2018) 216-224.
- Caboni E., Tonelli M.G., Lauri P., Lacovacci P., Kevers C., Damiano C., Gaspar T., Biochemical aspects of almond microcuttings related to in vitro rooting ability. Biol. Plant., 39 (1997) 91–97.
- Prior R.L, Wu X., Schaich K., Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agr Food Chem., 53 (2005) 4290-4610.
- Sun Y., Xu W., Zhang W., Hu Q., Zeng X., Optimizing the extractionof phenolic antioxidants fromkudingchamade frrom Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng by using response surface methodology. Sep PurifTechnol., 78 (2011) 311–320.
- Ballard T.S., Mallikarjunan P., Zhou K., O’Keefe S.F., Optimizing the extraction of phenolic antioxidants frompeanut skins using response surface methodology. J Agr Food Chem., 57 (2009) 3064–3072.