<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2757-9255</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Çukurova Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1459370</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Artificial Intelligence (Other)</subject>
                                                            <subject>Mechanical Engineering (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yapay Zeka (Diğer)</subject>
                                                            <subject>Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Yapay Sinir Ağları Yaklaşımı ile Toprak Kaynaklı Isı Pompasının Performans Analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Performance Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pump With Artificial Neural Networks Approach</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-8511</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Duman</surname>
                                    <given-names>Netice</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SİVAS TEKNİK BİLİMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, MAKİNE VE METAL TEKNOLOJİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-6360</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yüksek</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ahmet Gürkan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, BİLGİSAYAR MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-7881</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Caner</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, MAKİNE MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-7614</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Buyruk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ertan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, MAKİNE MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20240328">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>39</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>57</fpage>
                                        <lpage>72</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230522">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240328">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Isı pompaları, binalarda soğutma ve ısıtma için kullanılan konvansiyonel sistemlere verimli ve ulaşılabilir alternatiflerdir. Isı kaynağı olarak toprak ısısını kullanan toprak kaynaklı ısı pompaları (TKIP), ısıtma ve soğutma yüklerini temiz ve sürdürülebilir bir şekilde karşılamak için umut verici teknolojilerdir. TKIP, kurulum ve işletme maliyetleri yüksek olan bir sistemdir. Bu nedenle verimlilik açısından farklı sektörlerde kullanımı uygun olan TKIP sistemini kurmadan performans analizleri yapılabilir olması çok önemlidir. Sistemler kurulmadan önce performans değerlerinin tahmin edilebilecek olduğu modeller ile değerlendirilmesi yaklaşımdan yola çıkılarak,  ısı pompası ve sistemin performansı ve yoğuşturucudan atılan ısıyı tahmin etmek için bir yapay sinir ağı (YSA) modeli önerilmektedir. Yapay sinir ağları ile regresyon analizi, girdi ve çıkış verileri arasındaki karmaşık ilişkileri öğrenme yeteneğine sahip bir makine öğrenimi yöntemidir ve problemlerindeki non-lineer ilişkileri etkili bir şekilde modelleyebilir. Sivas ilinde Kurulan deneysel sistem ile ölçülen veriler, YSA&#039;yı eğitmek için eğitim verisi ve test verisi olarak ayrılmıştır ve modelin ilk aşamasında eğitim verisi; ikinci aşamasında ise test verisi kullanılmıştır. Sunulan çalışmada, yatay TKIP’ın performans katsayısını tahmin etmek için çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılmış ve özellikle sistem modelleme ve sistem tanımlamada yararlı oldukları gösterilmiş yapay sinir ağlarının uygulanabilirliği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, ısı pompası COP R2 değeri 0,9733, TKIP sistemi COP R2 değeri 0,9896 ve yoğuşturucudan atılan ısının YSA modelinin R2 değeri 0,9878 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üretilen istatistiksel belirleyiciler üzerinden yola çıkılarak YSA&#039;ların TKIP sisteminde doğru bir yöntem olarak COP tahmini için kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Heat pumps are efficient and accessible alternatives to conventional systems used for cooling and heating in buildings. Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP), using ground heat as the heat source, are promising technologies to meet heating and cooling loads in a clean and sustainable way. GSHP is a system with high installation and operating costs. For this reason, it is very important that performance analyzes can be made without installing the GSHP system, which is suitable for use in different sectors in terms of efficiency. An artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed to predict the performance of the heat pump and system and the heat removed from the condenser, starting from the approach of evaluating the performance values with models from which the systems can be estimated before they are installed. Regression analysis with artificial neural networks is a machine learning method that has the ability to learn complex relationships between input and output data and can effectively model non-linear relationships in problems. The data measured by the established in Sivas province experimental system are separated as training data and test data to train the ANN and in the first stage of the model, the training data; In the second stage, test data was used. In the presented study, the applicability of artificial neural networks, which have been used in various applications to estimate the coefficient of performance of horizontal GSHP, and which have been shown to be especially useful in system modeling and system description, has been demonstrated. As a result of this study, it was determined that the COP R2 value of the heat pump was 0,9733, the COP R2 value of the TKIP system was 0,9896, and the R2 value of the ANN model of the heat removed from the condenser was 0,9878. Based on the statistical determinants produced, it was concluded that ANNs can be used for COP estimation as an accurate method in the GSHP system.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Toprak kaynaklı ısı pompası</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Performans analizi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Isıtma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yapay sinir ağları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Regresyon analizi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Ground source heat pump</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Performance analysis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Heating</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Artificial neural network</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Regression analysis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Chua, K.J., Chou, S.K., Yang, W.M., 2010. Advances in Heat Pump Systems: A Review, Applied Energy, 87(12), 3611-3624.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	Xu, X., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Bao, J., 2020. Performance Evaluation of Ground Source Heat Pump Using Linear and Nonlinear Regressions and Artificial Neural Networks. Applied Thermal Engineering, 180, 115914.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Yeşilbaş, D., Güven, A., 2021. Kütle Spektrometresi Verileri Kullanılarak Yumurtalık Kanserinin Yapay Sinir Ağlarıyla Sınıflandırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(3), 781-790.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	Ozbek, A., 2016. Yapay Sinir Ağları Kullanarak Nemli Havanın Termodinamik Özelliklerinin Tahmini. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 51-58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Şevik, S., Aktaş, M., Özdemir, M.B., Doğan, H., 2014. Bir Güneş Destekli Isı Pompalı Kurutucuda Mantarın Kurutma Davranışlarının Yapay Sinir Ağı Kullanılarak Modellenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(2), 187-202.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	Toktaş, İ., Aktürk, N., 2011. Yapay Sinir Ağları Tabanlı Silindirik Düz Dişli Çark Tasarımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi,13(3), 387-395.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Mellit, A, Kalogirou, S.A., Hontoria, L., Shaari, S., 2009. Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Sizing Photovoltaic Systems: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 406-419.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Kalogirou, S.A., 2001. Artificial Neural Networks in Renewable Energy Systems Applications: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 5, 373-401.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Mohanraj, M., Jayaraj, S., Muraleedharan, C., 2012. Applications of Artificial Neural Networks for Refrigeration Air-conditioning and Heat Pump Systems: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1340-1358.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Esen, H., Inalli, M., Esen, M., Pihtili, K., 2007. Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System with Two Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers, Building and Environment, 42(10), 3606-3615.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Balbay, A., Esen, M., 2013. Temperature Distributions in Pavement and Bridge Slabs Heated by Using Vertical Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems. Acta Scientiarum. Technology, 35(4), 677-685.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	Marmaras, J., Burbank, J., Kosanovic, D.B., 2016. Primary-Secondary De-Coupled Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Coefficient of Performance Optimization Through Entering Water Temperature Control. Applied Thermal Engineering, 96, 107-116.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	Zheng, T., Shao, H., Schelenz, S., Hein, P., Vienken, T., Pang, Z., Nagel, T., 2016. Efficiency and Economic Analysis of Utilizing Latent Heat from Groundwater Freezing in the Context of Borehole Heat Exchanger Coupled Ground Source Heat Pump Systems. Applied Thermal Engineering, 105, 314-326.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	Arcaklıoğlu, E., Erisen, A., Yilmaz, R., 2004. Artificial Neural Network Analysis of Heat Pumps Using Refrigerant Mixtures. Energy Conversion Management, 45(11-12), 1917-1929.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Esen, H., Inalli, M., Sengur, A., Esen, M., 2008. Performance Prediction of a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System Using Artificial Neural Networks. Expert Systems with Applications, 35(4), 1940-1948.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Esen, H., Inalli, M., 2009. Modelling of a Vertical Ground Coupled Heat Pump System by Using Artificial Neural Networks. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(7), 10229-10238.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	Esen, H., Inalli, M., Sengur, A., Esen, M., 2008. Forecasting of a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Performance Using Neural Networks with Statistical Data Weighting Pre-Processing. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 47(4), 431-441.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Mohanraj, M., Jayaraj, S., Muraleedharan, C., 2009. Performance Prediction of a Direct Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump Using Artificial Neural Networks. Applied Energy, 86(9), 1442-1449.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Han, G., 2013. Performance Prediction of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System Using NNCA-RBF Neural Networks. In 2013 25th Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), Chinese, 2164-2169.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Benli, H., 2016. Performance Prediction Between Horizontal and Vertical Source Heat Pump Systems for Greenhouse Heating with the Use of Artificial Neural Networks. Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(8), 1707-1724.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	Sun, W., Hu, P., Lei, F., Zhu, N., Jiang, Z., 2015. Case Study of Performance Evaluation of Ground Source Heat Pump System Based on ANN and ANFIS Models. Applied Thermal Engineering, 87, 586-594.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22.	Park, S.K., Moon, H.J., Min, K.C., Hwang, C., Kim, S., 2018. Application of a Multiple Linear Regression and an Artificial Neural Network Model for the Heating Performance Analysis and Hourly Prediction of a Large-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump System. Energy and Buildings, 165, 206-215.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23.	Puttige, A.R., Andersson, S., Östin, R., Olofsson, T., 2021. Application of Regression and ANN Models for Heat Pumps with Field Measurements. Energies, 14(6), 1750.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24.	Shin, J., Cho, Y., 2021. Machine-Learning Based Coefficient of Performance Prediction Model for Heat Pump Systems. Applied Sciences, 12(1), 362.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25.	Liu, Y., Mei, X., Zhang, G., Cao, Z., 2023. Long-term Performance Prediction of Ground Source Heat Pump System Based on Co-simulation and Artificial Neural Network. Journal of Building Engineering, 79, 107949.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26.	Caner, M., 2018. Yatay Tip Toprak Kaynaklı Isı Pompası Sisteminin Sivas Şartlarında Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Sivas, Türkiye, 111.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27.	Kubat, M., 1999. Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation by Simon Haykin, Macmillan, 1994, ISBN 0-02-352781-7. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 13(4), 409-412, 823.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28.	Fitch, F.B., 1944. McCulloch Warren S. and Pitts Walter, A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5, 115-133.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29.	Fausett, L.V., 1994. Fundamentals of Neural Networks Architectures Algorithms and Applications, Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 476.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30.	Gurney, K., 1997. An Introduction to Neural Networks. UCL Press SBN 0-203-45151-1, 317.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31.	Rumelhart, D.E., Hinton, G.E., Williams, R.J., 1986. Learning Representations by Back-propagating Errors. Nature, 323(6088), 533-536.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32.	Graupe, D., 2007, Principles of Artificial Neural Networks. World Scientific, 6, 303.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33.	Ruder, S., 2016. An Overview of Gradient Descent Optimization Algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.04747.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34.	Hu. X., 2003. DB-HReduction: A Data Preprocessing Algorithm for Data Mining Applications. Applied Mathematics Letters, 16(6), 889-895.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35.	González-Sopeña, J.M., Pakrashi, V., Ghosh, B., 2021. An Overview of Performance Evaluation Metrics for Short-term Statistical Wind Power Forecasting. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 138, 110515.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
