Oxidative stress status of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to cadmium in differing calcium levels

Abstract

Xenobiotic exposures can cause oxidative stressfull in fish and heavy metals are one of the most toxic xenobiotics present in the environment. Thus, freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to Cd in different calcium levels (30, 60 and 120 mg/L), resembling the waters with different hardness. Experiments were conducted in 2 different durations, named as acute (25 µM Cd, 3 days) and chronic (5 µM Cd, 30 days) and the serum of fish was used to measure the oxidative status. For this aim, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in the serum and associated oxidative stress indicator values (OSI) were calculated. Data showed that Cd exposures, at all calcium levels, did not cause any fish mortality or changes in feeding behaviour. Likewise, the oxidative stress parameters did not change significantly (p>0.05) among controls. However, the mean TOS valued between controls and Cd-exposed fish differed significantly (p<0.05), as there were increases in TOS values in fish. Similarly, the mean TAS values between controls and Cd-exposed fish also differed significantly (p<0.05), as there were decreases in TAS values. OSI values significantly increased in Cd-exposed fish, suggesting oxidative stress. Data showed that significant alterations in the measured parameters were seen more at the lower calcium levels, emfasizing the protective roles of calcium ions against the toxic effects of Cd.

Keywords

• Metal
• Cadmium
• Calcium
• Fish
• Oxidative
• Antioxidant

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