Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings

Muhammed Fatih Geçkin; Alperen Yilmaz; Umut Kumlu; Ömer Hükümdar; Ali Keskin; M. Atakan Akar

doi:10.70395/cunas.1716722

Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings

Abstract

In order for copper parts, which are widely used in the industry, to exhibit better mechanical properties at low cost, electrodeposition is performed. In this context, the prominent nickel coatings are constantly being improved. The experiments carried out aimed to optimize the electrodeposition process by using reinforcement elements. Within the scope of our study, chromium, which attracts attention with its corrosion resistance and aesthetic appearance, was added to the structure of nickel coatings. In addition, Si3N4 ceramic particles, which have high thermal stability and high corrosion resistance, were added to the coating structure as the third phase reinforcement element. Coatings were carried out in a Watts type bath and abrasion test and surface roughness test were performed for the analysis of the samples. The test results showed that chromium added to the coating structure reduced the average friction coefficient from the value of 0.46 for pure nickel coatings to the value of 0.32 Si3N4 ceramic particles added to the coating structure together with chromium have a lower average friction coefficient than pure nickel coatings, while they have a higher average friction coefficient than Ni-Cr coatings. In addition, Si3N4 coatings added to the coating structure have an average wear rate of 3.2 times higher than Ni-Cr coatings.

Keywords

References

[1] Soleimani, M., Fattah-alhosseini, A., Elmkhah, H., Babaei, K., Imantalab, O., (2023). A comparison of tribological and corrosion behavior of PVD-deposited CrN/CrAlN and CrCN/CrAlCN nanostructured coatings. Ceram Int; 49:5029–5041.
[2] Wu, L., Qiu, L., Zeng F., Lu, Q., Zhu, J., Chen, L., Yin, L., Li, K., Du, Y., (2023). Influence of deposition pressure on the mi-crostructure and mechanical properties of CVD TiAlSiN coatings, Surf Coat Technol; 466: 129605.
[3] Pedrizzetti, G., Paglia, L., Genova, V., Cinotti, S., Bellacci, M., Marra, F., Pulci,G., (2023). Microstructural, mechanical and corrosion characterization of electroless Ni-P composite coatings modified with ZrO2 reinforcing nanoparticles. Surf Coat Tech-nol; 473: 129981.
[4] Krishnaveni, K., Narayanan, T.S.N.S., Seshadri, S.K., (2009). Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Ni-B and Ni-B-Si3N4 composite coatings. J Alloys Compd; 480:765–770.
[5] Zhou, Y.G., Zhao G., Zhang, H., (2010). Fabrication and wear properties of co-deposited Ni-Cr nanocomposite coatings. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition); 20:104–109.
[6] Duan, D, L., Li, S., Ding, X, J., and Jiang, S, L., (2008). Preparation of Ni - Cr alloy foams by electrodeposition technique. Ma-terials Science and Technology; 24:461–466.
[7] Gómez, E., Pollina, R., and Vallés, E., (1995). Nickel electrodeposition on different metallic substrates. Journal of Electroanalyti-cal Chemistry; 386;45-56.
[8] Imanieh, I., Yousefi, E., Dolati, A., Mohammadi, M, R., (2013). Experiments design for hardness optimization of the ni-cr alloy electrodeposited by pulse plating. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters); 26:558–564.

[9] Surender, M., Basu, B., Balasubramaniam, R., (2004). Wear characterization of electrodeposited Ni-WC composite coatings. Tribol Int; 37:743–749.
[10] Zhang, Z., He, Y., Bai, Y., Song, R., Yahui, H., Liu, B., Li, H., Shangguan, J., (2022). Influence of iron element on the structure and corrosion resistance of Ni-P coatings in different corrosive environments. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp; 655:130100.
[11] Shakoor, R.A., Kahraman, R., Waware, U., Wang, Y., Gao, W., (2014). Properties of electrodeposited Ni-B-Al2O3 composite coatings. Mater Des; 64:127–135.
[12] Wang, Y., Zhou Q., Li, K., Zhong, Q., Bui, Q.B., (2015). Preparation of Ni-W-SiO2 nanocomposite coating and evaluation of its hardness and corrosion resistance. Ceram Int; 41:79–84.
[13] Khorsand, S., Karbasi, M., Sayyedan, F, S., Eshaghian, M., and Razavi, M., (2018). Development of electro-co-deposited Ni–Fe(Ti,W)C nanocomposite coatings. Surface Engineering; 34:433–439.
[14] Demir, M., Kanca, E., Karahan, I.H., (2020). Characterization of electrodeposited Ni–Cr/hBN composite coatings. J Alloys Compd; 844: 155511.
[15] Tharamani, C.N., Hoor, F.S., Begum, N.S., Mayanna, S.M., (2006). Electrodeposition and Characterization of Ni–Cr Alloy Coating. J Electrochem Soc; 153: C164.
[16] Sun J., Du, D.X., Lv, H.F., Zhou, L., Wang, Y.G., Qi C.G., (2015). Microstructure and corrosion resistance of pulse electrode-posited Ni-Cr coatings. Surface Engineering; 31:406–411.
[17] Khazrayie, M.A., Aghdam, A.R.S., (2010). Si3N4/Ni nanocomposite formed by electroplating: Effect of average size of nanopar-ticulates. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition); 20:1017–1023.
[18] Mehr, M.S., Akbari, A., Damerchi, E., (2019). Electrodeposited Ni-B/SiC micro- and nano-composite coatings: A comparative study. J Alloys Compd; 782: 477–487.
[19] Deepa. K., Arthoba, N.Y., Purushothama. H.T., and Yathisha, R.O., (2021). Co-deposition of micro- and nano-sized SnO2 particles in the Zn-matrix composite coatings produced from a Zn-sulphate bath by electroplating. Chemical Data Collections; 32: 100657.
[20] Yu, B., Zhou, P., Fang, H., Wang, Y., Pu, J., (2023). Effects of the TiO2 content on the mechanical properties and galvanic corrosion resistance of Al2O3 coatings. Ceram Int; 49: 38593–38601.
[21] Tripathi, P., Ramkumar, J., Balani, K., (2021). Microscratching and fretting of electro-co-deposited Cr-based composite coatings with BN, graphene, and diamond reinforcements. J Mater Sci; 56: 6148–6166.
[22] Gyawali, G., Joshi, B., Tripathi, K., Lee, S.W., (2016). Preparation of Ni–W–Si3N4 composite coatings and evaluation of their scratch resistance properties. Ceram Int; 42: 3497–3503.
[23] Eslami, M., Saghafian, H., Golestani-Fard, F., and Robin, A., (2014). Effect of electrodeposition conditions on the properties of Cu-Si3N4 composite coatings. Appl Surf Sci; 300:129–140.
[24] Wang, C.L., Chan, K.C., (2008). Enhanced low-temperature superplasticity of Ni-Co alloy by addition of nano-Si3Ni4 parti-cles. Materials Science and Engineering: A; 491: 266–269.
[25] Huang, L., Dai, Q., Huang, W., and Wang, X., (2022). Ni/Si3N4 composite coatings and their water lubrication behaviors. Appl Surf Sci; 572: 151534.
[26] Dhakal, R.D., Kshetri, Y, K., Chaudhary, B., Kim, T. H.,Lee, S.W., Kim, B.S., Song, Y., Kim H.S., Kim, H.H., (2021). Particle-size-dependent anticorrosion performance of the Si3N4-nanoparticle-incorporated electroless Ni-P coating. Coatings; 12: 1-15.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Material Characterization

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Muhammed Fatih Geçkin
0009-0004-1018-3995
Türkiye

Alperen Yilmaz
0009-0007-7497-9476
Türkiye

Umut Kumlu ^*
0000-0001-7624-6240
Türkiye

Ömer Hükümdar
0000-0002-0806-3562
Türkiye

Ali Keskin
0000-0002-1089-3952
Türkiye

M. Atakan Akar
0000-0002-0192-0605
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

June 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 14, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1716722

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95EM38DG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Geçkin, M. F., Yilmaz, A., Kumlu, U., Hükümdar, Ö., Keskin, A., & Akar, M. A. (2025). Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1716722

AMA

1.Geçkin MF, Yilmaz A, Kumlu U, Hükümdar Ö, Keskin A, Akar MA. Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings. CUNAS. 2025;4(2):45-54. doi:10.70395/cunas.1716722

Chicago

Geçkin, Muhammed Fatih, Alperen Yilmaz, Umut Kumlu, Ömer Hükümdar, Ali Keskin, and M. Atakan Akar. 2025. “Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (2): 45-54. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1716722.

EndNote

Geçkin MF, Yilmaz A, Kumlu U, Hükümdar Ö, Keskin A, Akar MA (December 1, 2025) Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 2 45–54.

IEEE

[1]M. F. Geçkin, A. Yilmaz, U. Kumlu, Ö. Hükümdar, A. Keskin, and M. A. Akar, “Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings”, CUNAS, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 45–54, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.70395/cunas.1716722.

ISNAD

Geçkin, Muhammed Fatih - Yilmaz, Alperen - Kumlu, Umut - Hükümdar, Ömer - Keskin, Ali - Akar, M. Atakan. “Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4/2 (December 1, 2025): 45-54. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1716722.

JAMA

1.Geçkin MF, Yilmaz A, Kumlu U, Hükümdar Ö, Keskin A, Akar MA. Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings. CUNAS. 2025;4:45–54.

MLA

Geçkin, Muhammed Fatih, et al. “Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 45-54, doi:10.70395/cunas.1716722.

Vancouver

1.Muhammed Fatih Geçkin, Alperen Yilmaz, Umut Kumlu, Ömer Hükümdar, Ali Keskin, M. Atakan Akar. Effect of Si₃N₄ Reinforcement on the Wear and Surface Properties of Ni-Cr Electrodeposition Coatings. CUNAS. 2025 Dec. 1;4(2):45-54. doi:10.70395/cunas.1716722