Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink

Yunus Kizilarslan; Oğuzhan Arı; Sezgin Kaçar

doi:10.70395/cunas.1821869

Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink

Abstract

This study presents a MATLAB/Simulink-based analysis to investigate the effect of differential gear ratios on the energy consumption of a 13-meter low-entry electric city bus. Four differential ratios (5.12, 5.73, 6.19, and 7.36) were simulated under SORT-1, SORT-2, and SORT-3 driving cycles, representing different urban operation patterns. The developed simulation model incorporates vehicle longitudinal dynamics, motor efficiency maps, and battery energy flow. Results indicate that increasing the differential ratio reduces the specific energy consumption in all driving cycles. The lowest value of 1.747 kWh/km was obtained at a 7.36 ratio under the SORT-3 cycle. The recovery ratio remained stable around 27 ± 1 %, confirming consistent regenerative braking performance. The findings highlight the importance of differential ratio selection for optimizing the drivetrain efficiency of electric buses and can serve as a guideline for future powertrain configurations in urban public transport applications.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Circuits and Systems, Electrical Machines and Drives, Electrical Engineering (Other), Energy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Yunus Kizilarslan ^*
0009-0000-5016-8643
Türkiye

Oğuzhan Arı
0009-0002-4196-9435
Türkiye

Sezgin Kaçar
0000-0002-5171-237X
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

November 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 22, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1821869

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA38LL69LE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kizilarslan, Y., Arı, O., & Kaçar, S. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1821869

AMA

1.Kizilarslan Y, Arı O, Kaçar S. Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink. CUNAS. 2025;4(2):71-86. doi:10.70395/cunas.1821869

Chicago

Kizilarslan, Yunus, Oğuzhan Arı, and Sezgin Kaçar. 2025. “Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (2): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1821869.

EndNote

Kizilarslan Y, Arı O, Kaçar S (December 1, 2025) Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 2 71–86.

IEEE

[1]Y. Kizilarslan, O. Arı, and S. Kaçar, “Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink”, CUNAS, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 71–86, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.70395/cunas.1821869.

ISNAD

Kizilarslan, Yunus - Arı, Oğuzhan - Kaçar, Sezgin. “Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4/2 (December 1, 2025): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1821869.

JAMA

1.Kizilarslan Y, Arı O, Kaçar S. Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink. CUNAS. 2025;4:71–86.

MLA

Kizilarslan, Yunus, et al. “Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 71-86, doi:10.70395/cunas.1821869.

Vancouver

1.Yunus Kizilarslan, Oğuzhan Arı, Sezgin Kaçar. Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink. CUNAS. 2025 Dec. 1;4(2):71-86. doi:10.70395/cunas.1821869