Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems.

Özgür Çirçirci; Metin Uzun

doi:10.70395/cunas.1877764

Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal behaviour of lithium-ion battery packs with a liquid cooling system using numerical methods. The numerical analyses cover various battery configurations, coolant velocities, and fluid types. Water and a water-propylene glycol mixture are used as coolants, and system performance is evaluated at three different inlet velocities. The main criteria used to evaluate thermal performance are maximum battery temperature and inter-cell temperature difference. The results show that, in general, as the refrigerant velocity increases, the battery temperatures decrease and the temperature distribution becomes more homogeneous. However, it was found that, at high flow rates, the temperature drop is limited and thermal gains gradually decrease. In some cases, water was found to provide lower maximum temperatures, whereas the water-propylene glycol mixture provided a more balanced temperature distribution under certain operating conditions. Additionally, it was found that as the number of cells connected in series increases, the temperature differences along the flow direction become more pronounced. In addition, the preliminary evaluation of a nanoparticle-doped coolant for a selected battery configuration was investigated. It was found that the addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles had a limited effect on thermal performance; therefore, the nanoparticle-doped fluid was not applied to all configurations. Overall, the study revealed that coolant type, flow rate and battery configuration should be evaluated together to ensure effective battery thermal management.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Electrical Energy Storage

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Özgür Çirçirci
0009-0008-6729-9293
Türkiye

Metin Uzun ^*
0000-0002-0744-3491
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 30, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 19, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 5 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1877764

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94GM66TX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çirçirci, Ö., & Uzun, M. (2026). Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 5(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1877764

AMA

1.Çirçirci Ö, Uzun M. Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems. CUNAS. 2026;5(1):1-16. doi:10.70395/cunas.1877764

Chicago

Çirçirci, Özgür, and Metin Uzun. 2026. “Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1877764.

EndNote

Çirçirci Ö, Uzun M (June 1, 2026) Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 1 1–16.

IEEE

[1]Ö. Çirçirci and M. Uzun, “Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems”., CUNAS, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–16, June 2026, doi: 10.70395/cunas.1877764.

ISNAD

Çirçirci, Özgür - Uzun, Metin. “Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5/1 (June 1, 2026): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1877764.

JAMA

1.Çirçirci Ö, Uzun M. Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems. CUNAS. 2026;5:1–16.

MLA

Çirçirci, Özgür, and Metin Uzun. “Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems”. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 1-16, doi:10.70395/cunas.1877764.

Vancouver

1.Özgür Çirçirci, Metin Uzun. Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids In Battery Thermal Management Systems. CUNAS. 2026 Jun. 1;5(1):1-16. doi:10.70395/cunas.1877764